삼각무역: 아카풀코 갤리언 무역의 탄생과 몰락
Triangular Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Acapulco Galleon
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Acalpulco galleon trade, as a historical event, lasted from the 16th century to 18th century, representing an important milestone in the development of the capitalist economy. The galleon route completed a round-the-world trade route, reconnecting the broken chains of Asia, Europe, and America through the Trans-pacific between Acapulco and Manila. In this regard, Acapulco galleon trade is an exemplary forerunner of the globalization and integration of world trade. During the early modern age from the year 1400 to 1800,there was a division of labor at the level of the world economy. In fact, the international trade had a long history on basis of this division of labor, but this global phenomenon emerged more generally after silver from America poured into Europe. In other words, it was the time after America had been incorporated into the world system since 16th century. A typical example of global trade was the triangular trade through galleon ships. The decline of galleon trade which had lasted more than 250 years, may be attributed to the fall of mercantilism, the rise of free trade, the Spanish loss of competitiveness, and also the rise of United Kingdom as a new maritime force. However, this study reaches a conclusion: the major cause of the downfall of galleon trade lies in the loss of economic interest. In other words, China’s decline in demand for silver resulted in a decreasing rate of return of investment. On the surface, galleon trade is a simple economic event carried on at a national level. However,this study reveals that this trade was a hugely important event in the world-system, covering three continents and providing an axis for the intertwined and interacted world economy which connected Europe (via Spain), America (via New Spain or Nueva España), and Asia (via China), respectively.
Abstract
Acalpulco galleon trade, as a historical event, lasted from the 16th century to 18th century, representing an important milestone in the development of the capitalist economy. The galleon route completed a round-the-world trade route, reconnecting the broken chains of Asia, Europe, and America through the Trans-pacific between Acapulco and Manila. In this regard, Acapulco galleon trade is an exemplary forerunner of the globalization and integration of world trade. During the early modern age from the year 1400 to 1800,there was a division of labor at the level of the world economy. In fact, the international trade had a long history on basis of this division of labor, but this global phenomenon emerged more generally after silver from America poured into Europe. In other words, it was the time after America had been incorporated into the world system since 16th century. A typical example of global trade was the triangular trade through galleon ships. The decline of galleon trade which had lasted more than 250 years, may be attributed to the fall of mercantilism, the rise of free trade, the Spanish loss of competitiveness, and also the rise of United Kingdom as a new maritime force. However, this study reaches a conclusion: the major cause of the downfall of galleon trade lies in the loss of economic interest. In other words, China’s decline in demand for silver resulted in a decreasing rate of return of investment. On the surface, galleon trade is a simple economic event carried on at a national level. However,this study reveals that this trade was a hugely important event in the world-system, covering three continents and providing an axis for the intertwined and interacted world economy which connected Europe (via Spain), America (via New Spain or Nueva España), and Asia (via China), respectively.
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