Balance of Antagonisms versus the Myth of “Racial Democracy” in Casa Grande & Senzala: A Hypothesis that a Hasty Reading Inspired the Myth
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In this paper we discuss the hypothesis which centers on the interpretation of Gilberto Freyre’s democratic ideas, proposed by Arthur Ramos and Roger Bastide, which led to the emergence of the myth of “racial democracy.” The basis of the interpretation is the author’s concept of “social democracy,” found in his writings of the mid-1930s; however, this concept is not found in his essay that Casa Grande & Senzal published in 1933, although many claim to find there. Due to its importance, the book was translated into English as The Masters and Slaves, and published in 1946. We try to demonstrate that the origin of the myth of racial democracy cannot be found in the book, not even as an implicit idea; however, it originated from the interpretation by its critics. Therefore, in this paper we show that Gilberto Freyre proposed a balance of opposites, in a negotiated relationship that was not peaceful, but violent; however, in a relationship which Freyre conceptualized as a “balance of antagonisms” rather than as the “racial democracy,” which was interpreted by his critics.
Abstract
In this paper we discuss the hypothesis which centers on the interpretation of Gilberto Freyre’s democratic ideas, proposed by Arthur Ramos and Roger Bastide, which led to the emergence of the myth of “racial democracy.” The basis of the interpretation is the author’s concept of “social democracy,” found in his writings of the mid-1930s; however, this concept is not found in his essay that Casa Grande & Senzal published in 1933, although many claim to find there. Due to its importance, the book was translated into English as The Masters and Slaves, and published in 1946. We try to demonstrate that the origin of the myth of racial democracy cannot be found in the book, not even as an implicit idea; however, it originated from the interpretation by its critics. Therefore, in this paper we show that Gilberto Freyre proposed a balance of opposites, in a negotiated relationship that was not peaceful, but violent; however, in a relationship which Freyre conceptualized as a “balance of antagonisms” rather than as the “racial democracy,” which was interpreted by his critics.
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