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Factors Leading to Success or Failure of Land Reform —The Cases of South Korea and Chile

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Land reform has been pointed out by many scholars to be one of the main policies that explain the unprecedented growth of South Korea and its relatively equal social structure. This has been contrasted with the case of Chile, and with Latin America as a whole. Chile, despite its promising economic performance, has maintained high levels of land inequality, which has been extended to many facets of social-structural inequality. There have been many attempts to enact land reform in Chile since the 1960s, but all have been regarded by various scholars as a failure. This study compares the land reform cases of South Korea and Chile in a multidimensional manner, in order to find out which factors decide the success and failure of such policies. From the analysis of post-World War II land reform in South Korea and the land reform introduced during the Frei and Allende administrations in Chile, it has been found that the geopolitical environment plays a big role in the process of introducing land reform and sustaining it. The tendency for the U.S. to have a strong motivation to provide a great amount of financial and administrative support to key allies, was a crucial factor leading to successful redistribution of land in South Korea.

Abstract

Land reform has been pointed out by many scholars to be one of the main policies that explain the unprecedented growth of South Korea and its relatively equal social structure. This has been contrasted with the case of Chile, and with Latin America as a whole. Chile, despite its promising economic performance, has maintained high levels of land inequality, which has been extended to many facets of social-structural inequality. There have been many attempts to enact land reform in Chile since the 1960s, but all have been regarded by various scholars as a failure. This study compares the land reform cases of South Korea and Chile in a multidimensional manner, in order to find out which factors decide the success and failure of such policies. From the analysis of post-World War II land reform in South Korea and the land reform introduced during the Frei and Allende administrations in Chile, it has been found that the geopolitical environment plays a big role in the process of introducing land reform and sustaining it. The tendency for the U.S. to have a strong motivation to provide a great amount of financial and administrative support to key allies, was a crucial factor leading to successful redistribution of land in South Korea.

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