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셰일가스 저류암 탄성파 특성화: 해설

Seismic Characterization of Shale-Gas Reservoirs: A Review

권영인|신창훈|김영완|이광훈
한국자원공학회 (The Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|2013.02|한국자원공학회지 (Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers)|제50권 제1호|pp. 156-169

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참고문헌

키워드

Inversion셰일가스Shale gas역산탄성파 저류암 특성화방위 이방성탄성파 속성Seismic reservoir characterizationAzimuthal anisotropySeismic attributes
주제분류자원공학

초록

셰일가스 저류암의 탄성파 저류암 특성화(seismic reservoir characterization)란 탄성파 자료를 이용하여 균열(fracture)의 분포 및 방향과 파쇄성(fracability)을 결정하는 취성(brittleness) 및 응력 등을 유추하는 것이다. 탄성파 속성 중에서 일관성(coherence) 계열 속성과 곡률(curvature) 속성이 균열대를 가장 잘 보여준다. 역산 결과물인 P 임피던스, S 임피던스, 밀도로부터 포아송비(Poisson’s ratio)와 영률(Young’s modulus) 등을 계산하여 취성을 유추할 수 있다. 광방위(wide-azimuth) 탄성파 탐사자료에서 확인되는 균열 암석의 방위 이방성(azimuthal anisotropy)으로부터 자연균열의 분포 및 방향을 예측할 수 있다. 광방위 탄성파 자료는 암석의 응력 예측에도 이용된다. 또한 S파가 수직 균열이 발달한 암석을 지날 때 분할(splitting)된다는 성질로부터 암석의방위 이방성을 유추하고 따라서 균열의 분포 및 방향을 예측할 수 있다.

Abstract

The goals of seismic characterization of shale-gas reservoirs are to delineate natural fractures and predict the rock properties and fracability of the shales. Faults and fracture zones can be identified from coherence-group and curvature attributes. P and S impedances and density from pre-stack inversion can be combined to compute Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and other elastic parameters for the prediction of the brittleness and fracability of shale-gas reservoirs. The elastic parameters from pre-stack inversion should be calibrated to represent the values at in-situ conditions. The azimuthal anisotropy due to vertical fractures causes variations of seismic amplitude and velocity with azimuth that can be observed from wide-azimuth seismic data. The fracture density and orientation can be predicted from the azimuthal anisotropy. S-wave data can also help predict the azimuthal anisotropy. The stress state of shale-gas reservoirs estimated from wide-azimuth data can be used to identify areas for fracking.

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