셰일 특성에 따른 탄화수소 저류층 전기비저항 모델 구성법 분석
A Review and Analysis on Constructing Electrical Resistivity Models for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Based on the Characteristics of Shale Distribution
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저류층의 탄화수소 포화도를 평가함에 있어서 저류층 사암 내 셰일의 분포 유형뿐만 아니라 셰일의 양에 따라 전기비저항이 달라지므로 이에 상응하는 전기비저항을 계산해야 한다. 전기적으로 등방성 균질 사암 저류층의 경우 Archie식에 기초하여 정확히 계산할 수 있지만, 저류층 내에 셰일이 존재하는 경우 셰일의 영향을 고려하는 것은 가히 필수적이다. 특히, 전기적 이방성을 보이는 사암-셰일 박리층과 그리고 셰일층에 미시적 이방성이 존재하는 경우 이에 관한 셰일의 영향을 고려하여야 오차를 상당히 줄일 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 전기 비저항 모델을 전기적으로는 등방성과 이방성 모델, 지질학적으로는 순수 사암과 셰일질 사암으로 구분하여 셰일의 분포 유형에 따라 모델을 분류하여 설명한다. 이러한 모델들에 기초하여, 분산-셰일질 사암과 사암-셰일 박리층에 대한 전기적 등방성과 이방성 모델을 구성하고 비교 분석하여 이해를 돕고자 하였다. 이러한 이해에 기초하여 실제 탄화수소 저류층 자료의 해석 예를 분석한다.
Abstract
In evaluating hydrocarbon saturation of reservoir, taking consideration of not only the amount of shale but also its distribution is very important. Since Archie’s equation, which is the most widely used equation for the evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoirs, is originally developed for electrically isotropic clean sandstones. Thus, employing Archie’s equation produces errors when evaluating shale-contained sandstone reservoirs: distributed shale or laminated sand-shale. For sand-shale lamination, generating macroscopic electrical anisotropy, consideration on the anisotropy is important to reduce possible errors in hydrocarbon-saturation evaluation. When the resistivity of shale layer has a microscopic anisotropy, more errors are produced if Archie’s equation is employed. In this paper, we review and analyze methods of constructing electrical resistivity models for hydrocarbon reservoirs to classify them according to characteristics of shale distribution. Further, this paper reviews case histories to analysis the importance of considering electrical anisotropy in evaluating hydrocarbon saturation.
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