다양한 시추궤도에서의 유성이수 유정제어 모델링
Well Control Modeling of Oil Based Mud for Various Well Trajectories
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초록
킥(kick)이란 의도하지 않은 상황에서 지층의 유체가 유정으로 유입되는 현상이다. 이러한 킥의 발생을 방지하며 킥이 유입된 경우 빠르게 감지하고 제어하여 안전하게 제거하는 과정을 유정제어(well control)라 한다. 유정제어는 다양한 시추상황에서 발생할 수 있어 킥의 거동을 파악하고 숙지하는 것은 안전한 시추를 위해 필수적이다. 본 연구에서 이수의 종류, 시추궤도, 지층조건, 열전달 효과를 고려한 유성이수 유정제어 모델을 개발하였다. 유성이수에서는 수성이수와 비교하여 가스킥의 용해현상 때문에 유성이수의 이수부피 증가와 이를 보상해 주기 위한 초크압력이 낮다. 따라서 킥감지가 어려우며 특히 이러한 현상은 시추궤도의 수평구간이 길수록 두드러진다. 하지만 만약 유성이수에서 킥을 빠른 시간에 감지할 수 있으면 수성이수에 비해 지표에서 가해주어야 할 초크압력이 낮으므로 킥을 제거하는 것이 더욱 용이할 수 있다.
Abstract
A kick is unscheduled flow of formation fluids into the wellbore. Well control includes the whole process of kick prevention, kick detection, kick control, and kick removal. Well control may occur in a variety of drilling conditions. It is essential to understand kick behaviors for safe drilling. In this study, an oil based mud well control model is developed and it considers mud types, well trajectories, formation conditions and thermal effects of mud. When the gas kick occurs with oil based mud, it goes into solution resulting very small initial pit gain and choke pressure, which compensates hydrostatic pressure loss in the wellbore. These effects make kick detection more difficult and become remarkable as horizontal sections of well trajectories are long. However, if early kick detection is made in oil based mud, the kick removal in oil based mud can be much easier than that in water based mud, because low choke pressure is needed.
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