Role of Active Listening and Listening Effort on Contralateral Suppression of Transient Evoked Otoacousic Emissions
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of active listening and listening effort on the contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (CSTEOAEs). Subjects and Methods: Twenty eight young adults participated in the study. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded using ‘linear’ clicks at 60 dB peSPL, in three contralateral noise conditions. In condition 1, TEOAEs were obtained in the presence of white noise in the contralateral ear. While, in condition 2, speech was embedded into white noise at +3, -3, and -9 dB signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and delivered to the contralateral ear. The SNR was varied to investigate the effect of listening effort on the CSTEOAE. In condition 3, speech was played backwards and embedded into white noise at -3 dB SNR. The conditions 1 and 3 served as passive listening condition and the condition 2 served as active listening condition. In active listening condition, the participants categorized the words in to two groups (e.g., animal and vehicle). Results: CSTEOAE was found to be largest in the presence of white noise, and the amount of CSTEOAE was not significantly different between active and passive listening conditions (condition 2 and 3). Listening effort had an effect on the CSTEOAE, the amount of suppression increased with listening effort, when SNR was decreased from +3 dB to -3 dB. However, when the SNR was further reduced to -9 dB, there was no further increase in the amount of CSTEOAE, instead there was a reduction in the amount of suppression. Conclusions: The findings of the present study show that listening effort might affect CSTEOAE.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of active listening and listening effort on the contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (CSTEOAEs). Subjects and Methods: Twenty eight young adults participated in the study. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded using ‘linear’ clicks at 60 dB peSPL, in three contralateral noise conditions. In condition 1, TEOAEs were obtained in the presence of white noise in the contralateral ear. While, in condition 2, speech was embedded into white noise at +3, -3, and -9 dB signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) and delivered to the contralateral ear. The SNR was varied to investigate the effect of listening effort on the CSTEOAE. In condition 3, speech was played backwards and embedded into white noise at -3 dB SNR. The conditions 1 and 3 served as passive listening condition and the condition 2 served as active listening condition. In active listening condition, the participants categorized the words in to two groups (e.g., animal and vehicle). Results: CSTEOAE was found to be largest in the presence of white noise, and the amount of CSTEOAE was not significantly different between active and passive listening conditions (condition 2 and 3). Listening effort had an effect on the CSTEOAE, the amount of suppression increased with listening effort, when SNR was decreased from +3 dB to -3 dB. However, when the SNR was further reduced to -9 dB, there was no further increase in the amount of CSTEOAE, instead there was a reduction in the amount of suppression. Conclusions: The findings of the present study show that listening effort might affect CSTEOAE.
참고문헌 (25)
- Rasmussen GL, "Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular systems", pp.105~115 (1960), Charles C. Thomas
- Warr WB, "Efferent innervation of the organ of corti:two separate systems", Brain Res, 173, pp.152~155 (1979)
- Guinan JJ Jr, "The Cochlea", pp.435~502 (1996), Springer-Verlag
- Kawase T, "Antimasking effects of the olivocochlear reflex. I. Enhancement of compound action potentials to masked tones", J Neurophysiol, 70, pp.2519~2532 (1993)
- Garinis AC, "The MOC reflex during active listening to speech", J Speech Lang Hear Res, 54, pp.1464~1476 (2011)
- Kumar UA, "Functioning of olivocochlear bundle and speech perception in noise", Ear Hear, 25, pp.142~146 (2004)
- Terreros G, "Corticofugal modulation of peripheral auditory responses", Front Syst Neurosci, 9, pp.134~ (2015)
- Kim S, "Effects of age on speech understanding in normal hearing listeners: relationship between the auditory efferent system and speech intelligibility in noise", Speech Commun, 48, pp.855~862 (2006)
- Wagner W, "Speechin-noise intelligibility does not correlate with efferent olivocochlear reflex in humans with normal hearing", Acta Otolaryngol, 128, pp.53~60 (2008)
- de Boer J, "Effect of subject task on contralateral suppression of click evoked otoacoustic emissions", Hear Res, 233, pp.117~123 (2007)
- Harkrider AW, "Evidence for a cortically mediated release from inhibition in the human cochlea", J Am Acad Audiol, 20, pp.208~215 (2009)
- Giraud AL, "Auditory efferents involved in speech-in-noise intelligibility", Neuroreport, 8, pp.1779~1783 (1997)
- de Boer J, "Neural correlates of perceptual learning in the auditory brainstem: efferent activity predicts and reflects improvement at a speech-in-noise discrimination task", J Neurosci, 28, pp.4929~4937 (2008)
- Smith SB, "The medial olivocochlear reflex in children during active listening", Int J Audiol, 54, pp.518~523 (2015)
- Hick CB, "Listening effort and fatigue in school-age children with and without hearing loss", J Speech Lang Hear Res, 45, pp.573~584 (2002)
- McCoy SL, "Hearing loss and perceptual effort: downstream effects on older adults’ memory for speech", Q J Exp Psychol A, 58, pp.22~33 (2005)
- Howard CS, "Listening effort at signal-to-noise ratios that are typical of the school classroom", Int J Audiol, 49, pp.928~932 (2010)
- Sarampalis A, "Objective measures of listening effort: effects of background noise and noise reduction", J Speech Lang Hear Res, 52, pp.1230~1240 (2009)
- Mathôt S, "OpenSesame: an open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences", Behav Res Methods, 44, pp.314~324 (2012)
- Wen H, "A program for quantifi cation and analysis of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions", ARO Abstracts, 16, pp.102~ (1993)
- Froehlich P, "Transiently evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes change with changes of directed attention", Physiol Behav, 53, pp.679~682 (1993)
- Walsh KP, "Selective attention reduces physiological noise in the external ear canals of humans. I: auditory attention", Hear Res, 312, pp.143~159 (2014)
- Walsh KP, "Changes in otoacoustic emissions during selective auditory and visual attention", J Acoust Soc Am, 137, pp.2737~2757 (2015)
- Maison S, "Influence of focused auditory attention on cochlear activity in humans", Psychophysiology, 38, pp.35~40 (2001)
- Mishra SK, "Top-down influences of the medial olivocochlear efferent system in speech perception in noise", PLoS One, 9, pp.e85756~ (2014)