Factors Affecting Sentence-in-Noise Recognition for Normal Hearing Listeners and Listeners with Hearing Loss
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Background and Objectives: Despite amplified speech, listeners with hearing loss oftenreport more difficulties understanding speech in background noise compared to normalhearinglisteners. Various factors such as deteriorated hearing sensitivity, age, suprathresholdtemporal resolution, and reduced capacity of working memory and attention can attributeto their sentence-in-noise problems. The present study aims to determine a primaryexplanatory factor for sentence-in-noise recognition difficulties in adults with or without hearingloss. Subjects and Methods: Forty normal-hearing (NH) listeners (23-73 years) andthirty-four hearing-impaired (HI) listeners (24-80 years) participated for experimental testing. For both NH and HI group, the younger, middle-aged, older listeners were included. Thesentence recognition score in noise was measured at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The abilityof temporal resolution was evaluated by gap detection performance using the Gaps-In-Noise test. Listeners’ short-term auditory working memory span was measured by forwardand backward digit spans. Results: Overall, the HI listeners’ sentence-in-noiserecognition, temporal resolution abilities, and digit forward and backward spans were poorercompared to the NH listeners. Both NH and HI listeners had a substantial variability in performance. For NH listeners, only the digit backward span explained a small proportion ofthe variance in their sentence-in-noise performance. For the HI listeners, all the performancewas influenced by age, and their sentence-in-noise difficulties were associated withvarious factors such as high-frequency hearing sensitivity, suprathreshold temporal resolutionabilities, and working memory span. For the HI listeners, the critical predictors of thesentence-in-noise performance were composite measures of peripheral hearing sensitivityand suprathreshold temporal resolution abilities. Conclusions: The primary explanatoryfactors for the sentence-in-noise recognition performance differ between NH and HI listeners. Factors affecting sentence-in-noise recognition performance differed between NHand HI listeners. The working memory was the primary predictor of the sentence-in-noisescores for the NH individuals. In contrast, a combination of factors seemed to contributedto speech-in-noise understanding for the HI listeners. Given this, we must be careful not togeneralize findings from the NH listeners to the HI individuals.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Despite amplified speech, listeners with hearing loss oftenreport more difficulties understanding speech in background noise compared to normalhearinglisteners. Various factors such as deteriorated hearing sensitivity, age, suprathresholdtemporal resolution, and reduced capacity of working memory and attention can attributeto their sentence-in-noise problems. The present study aims to determine a primaryexplanatory factor for sentence-in-noise recognition difficulties in adults with or without hearingloss. Subjects and Methods: Forty normal-hearing (NH) listeners (23-73 years) andthirty-four hearing-impaired (HI) listeners (24-80 years) participated for experimental testing. For both NH and HI group, the younger, middle-aged, older listeners were included. Thesentence recognition score in noise was measured at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The abilityof temporal resolution was evaluated by gap detection performance using the Gaps-In-Noise test. Listeners’ short-term auditory working memory span was measured by forwardand backward digit spans. Results: Overall, the HI listeners’ sentence-in-noiserecognition, temporal resolution abilities, and digit forward and backward spans were poorercompared to the NH listeners. Both NH and HI listeners had a substantial variability in performance. For NH listeners, only the digit backward span explained a small proportion ofthe variance in their sentence-in-noise performance. For the HI listeners, all the performancewas influenced by age, and their sentence-in-noise difficulties were associated withvarious factors such as high-frequency hearing sensitivity, suprathreshold temporal resolutionabilities, and working memory span. For the HI listeners, the critical predictors of thesentence-in-noise performance were composite measures of peripheral hearing sensitivityand suprathreshold temporal resolution abilities. Conclusions: The primary explanatoryfactors for the sentence-in-noise recognition performance differ between NH and HI listeners. Factors affecting sentence-in-noise recognition performance differed between NHand HI listeners. The working memory was the primary predictor of the sentence-in-noisescores for the NH individuals. In contrast, a combination of factors seemed to contributedto speech-in-noise understanding for the HI listeners. Given this, we must be careful not togeneralize findings from the NH listeners to the HI individuals.
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