사용후핵연료 심층처분장 및 지하연구시설에서의 물리탐사 적용
Geophysical Survey Applications in Underground Research Laboratories and Deep Disposal Sites of Spent Nuclear Fuel
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
사용후핵연료 등의 고준위 방사성 폐기물을 안전하게 처리하기 위한, 지하 수백 m 암반내에 격리하는 심층처분장을 안정적으로 운영하기 위해서는 지하연구시설에서 현장 실험을 수행하여 검증하는 과정이 필요하다. 특히, 부지 선정 단계부터 운영 단계에 걸쳐, 심층처분장에서 방사성 핵종이생태계로 누출되는 주요 경로인 균열 및 지하수 흐름을 파악할 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해, 지하 매질의 물성을 파악할 수 있는 다양한 물리탐사 기법들을 활용함으로써 심층처분장 및 지하연구시설에서 구조지질학적, 수리지질학적, 열응력 영향, 공학적 방벽 등을 평가할 수 있다. 국내외 지하연구시설에서 수행된 물리탐사 적용 연구의 다양한 사례들을 분석한 결과, 물리탐사는 심층처분장을안정적으로 관리하고 평가하는 데 있어 충분히 유용하고 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
To safely dispose high-level radioactive wastes such as spent nuclear fuel in a repository hundreds of meters deep below the earth’s surface, it is critical to verify the disposal process through onsite experiments in an underground research laboratory (URL). From site selection to operational stages, potential pathways for radioactive nuclide leakage into the ecosystem need to be completely delineated considering factors such as fractures and groundwater flow within the bedrock. For this purpose, geophysical survey techniques, which are non-invasive methods, have been actively researched worldwide. Utilization of various geophysical methods can evaluate geological and hydrogeological settings, thermal effects, engineering barriers etc. Analysis on previous geophysical survey cases conducted for URLs as well as repositories showed that geophysical surveys are sufficiently helpful and effective in assessing and managing deep geological repositories. The analysis can be used as fundamental information for the implementation of domestic disposal facilities.
참고문헌 (64)
- Aoyagi, K., "Evolution of the excavation damaged zone around a modelled disposal pit: case study at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, Japan", The 13th SEGJ International Symposium, pp.443~447 (2019)
- 배대석, "사용후핵연료 심층처분을 위한 지하연구시설(URL)의 필요성 및 접근 방안", Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology, 11(2), pp.157~178 (2013), 한국방사성폐기물학회[DOI]
- Baek, S. H., "Ground penetrating radar for fracture mapping in underground hazardous waste disposal sites : a case study from an underground research tunnel, South Korea", Journal of Applied Geophysics, 141, pp.24~33 (2017)
- Becker, M. W., "Tracer transport in fractured crystalline rock : evidence of nondiffusive breakthrough tailing", Water Resources Research, 36(7), pp.1677~1686 (2000)
- Birkholzer, J. T., "25 years of DECOVALEXScientific advances and lessons learned from an international research collaboration in coupled subsurface processes", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 122, pp.103995~ (2019)
- Biryukov, A., "Attenuation of elastic waves in bentonite and monitoring of radioactive waste repositories", Geophysical Supplements to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 205(1), pp.105~121 (2016)
- Caesary, D., "A review on CO2 leakage detection in shallow subsurface using geophysical surveys", International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 102, pp.103165~ (2020)
- Castelluccio, M., "Using a multi-method approach based on soil radon deficit, resistivity, and induced polarization measurements to monitor non-aqueous phase liquid contamination in two study areas in Italy and India", Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(13), pp.12515~12527 (2018)
- Cosenza, P., "Effects of drying on the low-frequency electrical properties of Tournemire argillites", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 164, pp.2043~2066 (2007)
- Cosma, C., "Characterization of fractured rock in the vicinity of tunnels by the swept impact seismic technique", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38(6), pp.815~821 (2001)
- Cosma, C., "Very High Resolution Hard Rock Seismic Imaging for Excavation Damage Zone Characterisation", Near Surface 2010-16th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, pp.cp-164~ (2010), European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
- Dahlin, T., "Multiple-gradient array measurements for multichannel 2D resistivity imaging", Near Surface Geophysics, 4(2), pp.113~123 (2006)
- Daneshvar Saein, L., "Application of concentration-volume fractal method in induced polarization and resistivity data interpretation for Cu-Mo porphyry deposits exploration, case study : Nowchun Cu-Mo deposit, SE Iran", Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 19(4), pp.431~438 (2012)
- Davy, P., "Elastic properties of fractured rock masses with frictional properties and power law fracture size distributions", Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth, 123(8), pp.6521~6539 (2018)
- Denchik, N., "Near-surface CO2 leak detection monitoring from downhole electrical resistivity at the CO2Field Laboratory, Svelvik Ridge(Norway)", International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 28, pp.275~282 (2014)
- Emmerich, H., "Incorporation of attenuation into time-domain computations of seismic wave fields", Geophysics, 52(9), pp.1252~1264 (1987)
- Enescu, N., "EDZ seismic investigations in ONKALO, 2009", Posiva Oy, 106~ (2009)
- Characterisation of EDZ for final disposal facility of spent nuclear fuel in Olkiluoto, "Follin, S.", Posiva Oy, ~, pp.Posiva 2021-16 (2021)
- Gibert, D., "Electrical tomography monitoring of the excavation damaged zone of the Gallery 04 in the Mont Terri rock laboratory : Field experiments, modelling, and relationship with structural geology", Applied clay science, 33(1), pp.21~34 (2006)
- Giertzuch, P. L., "Time-lapse ground penetrating radar difference reflection imaging of saline tracer flow in fractured rock", Geophysics, 85(3), pp.H25~ (2020)[DOI]
- Gonzalez, A. J., "The IAEA safety standards for radiation" (1997), Waste and Nuclear Safety
- Heikkinen, E. J., "Geophysical mapping techniques of excavation damage zone for quality control of drill asind blasting in crystalline rock", Near Surface 2010-16th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (2010), European Association of Geoscientists &Engineers
- EDZ Study Area in ONK-TKU-3620: Geophysical tests conducted between 2012 and 2014, "Heikkinen, E.", Posiva Oy, ~ (2014)
- Hydrogeological Investigation of Sites for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste, "IAEA.", ~, pp.Technical Reports Series No. 391 (1999)
- 정주연, "전기·전자탐사에 기초한 방사성폐기물 심층처분장 부지선정 및 국외 적용 사례 분석", 한국자원공학회지, 60(2), pp.112~128 (2023), 한국자원공학회
- Jockwer, N., "Measurements of gas generation, water content and change in the water distribution in a heater experiment in the underground laboratory Mont Terri", Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A, C, pp.2007, 32(1-7)[DOI]
- HLW Long-term Management System Development (I)-Development of Engineered Barrier System Performance, "KAERI", 367~, pp.KAERI (2015), RR--3859[DOI]
- Karakurt, N., "Estimating attenuation properties of bentonite layer in Cut Bank oil field, Glacier County, Montana", PhD, pp.2005
- 김형목, "사용후핵연료 최종처분장 건설과정에서의 굴착손상영역(EDZ)의 현장평가 방법 및 시공품질관리 체계에 관한 사례검토", 터널과 지하공간, 32(2), pp.107~119 (2022), 한국암반공학회
- 김진섭, "고준위폐기물처분시스템 설계 제한온도 설정에 관한 기술현황 분석: 벤토나이트 완충재를 중심으로", 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집, 21(5), pp.587~609 (2019), 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회[DOI]
- Kruschwitz, S., "Detection and characterization of the disturbed rock zone in claystone with the complex resistivity method", Journal of Applied geophysics, 57(1), pp.63~79 (2004)
- 권상기, "고준위방사성폐기물 처분 기술개발을 위한 세계 각국 지하연구시설에서의 현장시험", 한국자원공학회지, 54(4), pp.328~343 (2017), 한국자원공학회
- Lamert, H., "Feasibility of geoelectrical monitoring and multi-phase modeling for process understanding of gaseous CO2 injection into a shallow aquifer", Environmental Earth Sciences, 67, pp.447~462 (2012)
- Leparoux, D., "EDZ characterization with surface wave analysis : an experimental and numerical study for defining feasibility in the context of the Tournemire platform(France)", Near Surface Geophysics, 10(5), pp.401~411 (2012)
- Lesparre, N., "Monitoring the excavation damaged zone by three-dimensional reconstruction of electrical resistivity", Geophysical Journal International, 195(2), pp.972~984 (2013)
- Lopes, B. D. C. F. L., "Non-intrusive geo-electrical ERT monitoring of high-level radioactive waste experiments in Tournemire URL", Modern2020 Final Conference Proceedings, pp.198~212 (2019), European Commission
- Lopes, B. D. C. F. L., "Preliminary non-intrusive geophysical electrical resistivity tomography surveys of a mock-up scale monitoring of an engineered barrier system at URL Tournemire", Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 482(1), pp.331~345 (2019)
- Characterization of the Highway 95 fault in lower Fortymile Wash using electrical and electromagnetic methods, Nye County, Nevada, "Macy, J. P.", USGS, 44~, pp.USGS Scientific Investigation Report, 5060 (2012)
- Madeira, J. G., "Selection of a tool to decision making for site selection for high level waste", EPJ Nuclear Sciences &Technologies, 2, pp.6~ (2016)[DOI]
- Maineult, A., "Anomalies of noble gases and self-potential associated with fractures and fluid dynamics in a horizontal borehole, Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory", Engineering geology, 156, pp.46~57 (2013)
- Manukyan, E., "Seismic monitoring of radioactive waste repositories", Geophysics, 77(6), pp.EN73~EN83 (2012)
- Martin, O., "On Plastic Collapse Analysis of KBS-3 Canister Mock-Up", Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 40~ (2007)
- Molron, J., "Which fractures are imaged with Ground Penetrating Radar? Results from an experiment in the ÄspöHardrock Laboratory, Sweden", Engineering geology, 273, pp.105674~ (2020)[DOI]
- OECD, "Underground Research Laboratories (URL)", ~ (2013)
- Park, C. B., "Swept impact seismic technique(SIST)", Geophysics, 61(6), pp.1789~1803 (1996)
- Park, C. M., "Introduction and Design Construction Considerations for Radioactive Waste Repositories (focus on underground cavities) (in Korean)", Magazine of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association, 18(1), pp.29~49 (2016)
- Perras, M. A., "Predicting excavation damage zone depths in brittle rocks", Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 8(1), pp.60~74 (2016)
- Ramirez, A., "Electrical resistivity monitoring of the thermomechanical heater test in Yucca Mountain", 10th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (1997), European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
- EDZ study area in ONK-TKU-3620: Seismic cross-hole tomography, "Reyes-Montes, J.", Posiva Oy, ~ (2021)
- Sato, T., "Seismic velocity structure of the EDZ around drifts at the Kamaishi and Tono mines in Japan", pp.506~ (1997), MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL)
- Schuster, K., "Seismic investigation of the excavation damaged zone in Opalinus Clay", Engineering Geology, 61(2-3), pp.189~197 (2001)
- Shigeta, N., "Underground Research Laboratories for Crystalline Rock and Sedimentary Rock in Japan", Waste Management 2003Symposium (2003)
- Silvast, M., "ONKALO EDZ-measurements using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method (No. POSIVAWR--08-58)", Posiva Oy, ~ (2008)
- Siren, T., "In situ strength and failure mechanisms of migmatitic gneiss and pegmatitic granite at the nuclear waste disposal site in Olkiluoto, Western Finland", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 79, pp.135~148 (2015)
- 송서영, "흐름 전위에 기초한 자연 전위 탐사법의 원리 및 활용", 지구물리와 물리탐사, 21(4), pp.231~243 (2018), 한국지구물리.물리탐사학회[DOI]
- Soupios, P., "Application of integrated methods in mapping waste disposal areas", Environmental Geology, 53(3), pp.661~ (2007)[DOI]
- Koichi Suzuki, "Estimation of the zone of excavation disturbance around tunnels, using resistivity and acoustic tomography", 물리탐사, 7(1), pp.62~69 (2004), 한국물리탐사학회
- Tisato, N., "Laboratory measurements of the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of compacted bentonite as a function of water content, temperature, and confining pressure", Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth, 118(7), pp.3380~3393 (2013)
- Walton, G., "Non-invasive detection of fractures, fracture zones, and rock damage in a hard rock excavation—Experience from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden", Engineering Geology, 196, pp.210~221 (2015)
- Wang, J., "The Beishan underground research laboratory for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China : planning, site selection, site characterization and in situ tests", Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(3), pp.411~435 (2018)
- Watlet, A., "Imaging groundwater infiltration dynamics in the karst vadose zone with long-term ERT monitoring", Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 22(2), pp.1563~1592 (2018)
- Williams, M., "Evolution of excavation damaged zones in Opalinus Clay shale inferred from seismic investigations", Engineering Geology, 299, pp.106528~ (2022)[DOI]
- Wu, J., "Estimating fractured rock effective permeability using discrete fracture networks constrained by electrical resistivity data", Engineering Geology, 289, pp.106178~ (2021)[DOI]
- Xiang, L., "GPR evaluation of the Damaoshan highway tunnel : A case study", Ndt & E International, 59, pp.68~76 (2013)
