본문 바로가기
KERD
논문

갱내 채굴광산의 갱도 및 광주의 안전관리 방안

Stability and Design Considerations for Underground Mine Openings and Pillars

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류자원공학

초록

갱내 채굴광산의 안전관리를 위해 수행된 안정성 평가와 연구 결과는 계획 채광 이행, 미소진동 모니터링의 확대 보급, LiDAR 등을 이용한 갱내 3차원 측량의 중요성을 시사한다. 선행연구에서는갱도의 안전규격은 폭 12 m, 높이 7‒8 m로 제안된 바 있으며 시험광산에서 수행된 경험적 방법 및수치해석 적용 연구 결과에서는 갱도의 폭이 12‒15 m, 갱도 및 수직광주의 높이 7‒9 m, 편간 수직고(복수편 개발 시) 20 m 이상으로 수정 제안되었다. 광주는 종횡비(광주의 폭/높이의 비)가 클수록 안전율이 증가하며 주운반갱도를 최대 수평응력 방향과 나란하게 그리고 크로스 갱도는 이와엇갈리게 개설하는 것이 안전상 유리하다. 향후 채수율 극대화 방안 마련, 채광 종료 후 발생 가능한 암반의 Creep 현상과 지반침하 문제에 대한 심화연구가 필요하다.

Abstract

Yearly safety inspection has highlighted the importance of implementing effective mine planning, expanding acoustic emission monitoring, and utilizing 3D underground scanning with LiDAR. The standard width and height of mine openings recommended in previous research are 12 and 7–8 m, respectively, to ensure safety. Both empirical and numerical analyses for a test mine indicated that mine openings should be 12–15 m wide and 7–9 m high and that vertical pillars should be 7–9 m tall. For multilevel developments, the vertical spacing between levels should be at least 20 m. Increasing the width-to-height ratio increases safety, and developing main roadways parallel to the maximum horizontal stress and offsetting cross-cuts is beneficial. Strategic approaches are necessary to maximize resource recovery and conduct comprehensive studies on the creep behavior of rock mass and ground subsidence issues for future mine closure.

참고문헌 (34)

  1. Barton, N., "Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of rock support", Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 6, pp.189~236 (1974)
  2. Bieniawski, Z. T., "Engineering rock mass classification", pp.251~ (1989), Join Wiley & Sons
  3. Cheon, D. S., "Analysis of microseismic waveform for safety management of rock mass structures", Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 54(5), pp.467~479 (2017)
  4. Cheon, D. S., "Development of acoustic emission monitoring system for the safety of geotechnical structures", Journal of Korean Tunneling Underground Space Association, 16(5), pp.471~485 (2014)
  5. Chung, S.K., "Introductory Mining Engineering", pp.538~ (2010), CIR
  6. Darling, P., "SME Mining Engineering Handbook", pp.1840~ (2011), SME
  7. Esterhuizen, G. S., "Pillar strength in underground stone mines in the United States", International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 48(1), pp.42~50 (2011)
  8. Esterhuizen, G. S., "Roof stability issues in underground limestone mines in the United States", Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining, pp.336~343 (2007)
  9. Hoek, E., "Fracture initiation and propagation in intact rock- A review", Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 6(4), pp.287~300 (2014)
  10. Hoek, E., "Strength of rock and rock masses", ISRM News Journal, 2(2), pp.4~16 (1994)
  11. Iannacchione, A., "Evaluation of stress-control layout at the subtropolis mine, Pertersburg, Ohio", International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 30(1), pp.77~83 (2020)
  12. Design of safety pillars in Underground Limestone Mines, "Institute of Energy and Mineral Resources(IMER)", IMER, 106~ (2020)
  13. Development of safety standards for mine openings and pillars in underground mining, "Institute of Energy and Mineral Resources(IMER)", IMER, 117~ (2021)
  14. Jang, M. H., "Probabilistic evaluation of the panel life time using steel beam for panel mining in soft rock", Tunnel and Underground Space, 28(4), pp.325~342 (2018)
  15. Jessu, K. V., "Direct strain evaluation method for laboratory-based pillar performance", Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 11(4), pp.860~866 (2019)
  16. Koo, C. M., "Underground mine design and stability analysis at a limestone mine", Tunnel & Underground Space, 18(4), pp.243~251 (2008)
  17. A study on the Safety and Environmental Control of Underground Openings in Limestone Quarries, "Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM)", KIGAM, 150~ (2005)
  18. Development of international reporting guideline and standardization method of economic evaluation on mineral resources & reserves for domestic non-metallic mines, "Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM)", KIGAM, ~ (2021)
  19. Development of optimal design criteria of self-support underground openings for domestic limestone mines, "Korea Resources Cooperation(KORES)", KORES, 104~ (2019)
  20. Kuhnhein, G., "The influence of horizontal stress on pillar design and mine layout at two underground limestone mines", Proceedings of the 23rd Internation Conference on Ground Control in Mining, pp.311~319 (2004)
  21. Lang, B., "Span design in wide cut and fill stope at Detour Lake Mine", 93rd annual general meeting, Canadian Institute of Mining (1991)
  22. Prediction of stable excavation spans for mining at depths below 1,000 meters in hard rock, "Mathews, K. E.", CANMET, ~ (1981)
  23. Mawdesley, C., "Extending the Mathews stability graph for open‐stope design", Transactions of Institution of Mining and Metallurgy(Sect. A :Min.technology), 110(1), pp.A27~A39 (2001)
  24. Monsalve, J. J., "Stochastic continuous modeling for pillar stress estimation and comparison with 2D numerical and analytical solutions in an underground stone mine", Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 39(5), pp.1917~1937 (2022)
  25. NGI, "Using the Q-system-Rock mass classification and support design", NGI handbook, 54~ (2015)
  26. NIOSH, "Pillar and roof span design guidelines for underground stone mines", NIOSH Publication No. 2011-171, 64~ (2011)
  27. Putra, D., "Integrating mathews stability chart into the stope layout determination algorithm", Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 41, pp.1351~1364 (2024)
  28. "Rocscience" (2024)[URL]
  29. Sakurai, S., "An evaluation technique of displacement measurements in tunnels", Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 317, pp.93~100 (1982)
  30. Sakurai, S., "Displacement measurements associated with the design of underground openings", Proc. International Symposium on Field Measurement in Geomechanics, 2, pp.1163~1178 (1983)
  31. Sakurai, S., "Lessons learned from field measurements in tunnelling", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 12(4), pp.453~460 (1997)
  32. Vlachogiannis, I., "Proposed formulas for pillar stress estimation in a regular room and pillar pattern", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciecnes, 180, pp.105826~ (2024)
  33. Xiao, Y. X., "ISRM Suggested Method for In Situ Microseismic Monitoring of the Fracturing Process in Rock Masses", Rock Mech Rock Engineering, 49, pp.843~869 (2016)
  34. Yoon, D.H., "Numerical study in vertical stress estimation for panel pillars at room and pillar mines", Tunnal and Underground Space, 30(5), pp.473~483 (2020)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (6건)