21세기 글로벌 질서와 동북아: 신중세론적 관점
The 21st Global Order and Northeast Asia: From a Perspective of Neo－medievalism
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21세기 국제 질서 변화에 대한 논의의 쟁점은 크게 두 가지다. 첫째, 근대국가체제의 보편성과 특수성이다. 베스트팔리아 체제가 국제관계의 근본 원리를 반영한 항구적인 구조인가? 아니면 특정한 시대의 정치, 경제, 사회 환경의 산물인가? 둘째, 만약 역사적 산물이라면 글로벌화와 문화상대주의라는 두 가지 흐름이 현 국제체제를 어떠한 방향으로 변화시켜 갈 것인가? 신중세론은 포스트 베스트팔리아체제를 설명하는 하나의 모델로 제시되어 왔다. 신중세론의 핵심은 다양한 주체들 간의 증층적 권위와 복수귀속감 그리고 보편적 관념과 보편적 정치체제이다. 초국가기구, 초국가기업, 지역 연합, 비국가 단체들이 국가 함께 관할권을 놓고 경쟁 하고 있는 현 국제사회가 중세유럽의 질서와 흡사하다는 점에서 신중세론이 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문은 이론적 차원에서 신중세론을 분석해 본 후 신중세론이 현 국제 질서와 동북아 질서에 갖는 의미를 분석해본다.
Abstract
There have been two contending issues with regard to the changing 21st－century international order. The first point is concerning the universality and particularity of the modern state system. Is the Westphalian system a constant structure reflecting the fundamental principle of international relations? If not, is it a product of political, economic and social conditions in a particular historical era? Secondly, if the modern state system is a historical construct, how will the two major trends of globalization and cultural relativism change the current international system? The neo－medievalism has been proposed to be a model of the post－Westphalian system. Its basic feature is the overlapping authority and multiple loyalty that different actors are competing for under a universalistic ideology and a universalistic political institution. The neo－medievalism has attracted an attention in that the current international society in which transnational organizations, transnational corporations, regional associations and non－state actors are competing with states for a jurisdictional authority is similar to the medieval European order. From a theoretical perspective, this paper analyzes the neo－medievalism and its implications for the current international order and the Northeast Asian order.
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