Effects of Welding Current and Speeds in Plasma Arc Welding on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steel and Acid Pickling Behaviors
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The effects of welding current and speed in plasma arc welding (PAW) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel and its acid pickling behavior were investigated. 304 stainless steel pipes were fabricated using PAW at nine different welding currents and speeds. The resulting weld was composed of austenite and δ-ferrite, where the dendritic structure size decreased as heat input was reduced. At a constant welding speed, increasing the current improved elongation, while the strength remainednearly unchanged. After heat treatment, an oxide layer formed, consisting of (Mn, Cr, Fe)3O4 spinel, Nirich metallic phase, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3. During acid pickling, the oxide layer on the weld was removed more rapidly than that on the base metal due to the formation of a Cr- and Mn-enriched layer within the inner oxide. As the number of specimens increased, the time required for effective acid pickling also increased, while the mass loss rate decreased. An equation was proposed to estimate the pickling performance of the acid solution.
Abstract
The effects of welding current and speed in plasma arc welding (PAW) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel and its acid pickling behavior were investigated. 304 stainless steel pipes were fabricated using PAW at nine different welding currents and speeds. The resulting weld was composed of austenite and δ-ferrite, where the dendritic structure size decreased as heat input was reduced. At a constant welding speed, increasing the current improved elongation, while the strength remainednearly unchanged. After heat treatment, an oxide layer formed, consisting of (Mn, Cr, Fe)3O4 spinel, Nirich metallic phase, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3. During acid pickling, the oxide layer on the weld was removed more rapidly than that on the base metal due to the formation of a Cr- and Mn-enriched layer within the inner oxide. As the number of specimens increased, the time required for effective acid pickling also increased, while the mass loss rate decreased. An equation was proposed to estimate the pickling performance of the acid solution.
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