통발 어구를 이용한 서해 경기만 사각형어초 시설의 효과 평가
Evaluation of the effect of cubic artificial reefs in Kyonggi Bay, west coast of Korea by using fish trap
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1995년과 1996년 사이에 한국 서해안의 경기만내에 위치한 백령도, 소청도, 대연평도, 강화도의 4개 섬에 설치되었던 인공어초 (사각형어초, 2×2×2m3)의 효과를 추정하기 위해 2000년 가을과 2001년 봄에 현장조사가 수행되었다. 어초시설의 상태와 조건을 확인하기 위해 스쿠버 다이빙, 사이드 스캔 소나 그리고, 어군탐지기를 이용하였다. 대연평도와 강화도 해역에 설치된 어초의 대부분은 바닥의 퇴적물속에 묻혀있었다. 백령도 해역에서는 집중적인 탐사에도 불구하고, 단 한 개의 단위어초도 발견되지 않았는데, 이는 사주의 이동에 의해 매몰되었기 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 따라서, 향후 기대되는 인공어초의 효과와 어초의 보호를 위해서는 어초 설치 후의 사후평가에 퇴적물의 이동에 대한 적절한 조사가 전제되어야 할 것이다. 부트스트랩 시뮬레이션에 의해 자연어장 (대조구)에서의 평균 CPUE분포를 추정하였고, 백령도와 소청도 해역에서 대조구와 시설구 사이의 CPUE 비교가 가능하였다 (실험Ⅰ). 백령도 시설구에서의 CPUE는 대조구 CPUE의 99% 신뢰구간 사이의 값을 보이거나, 또는 그 보다 낮은 수준의 값을 보인 반면, 소청도 해역에서는 어초의 긍정적인 효과가 감지되었다. 대조구와 시설구에서 어류와 무척추동물의 풍도와 생체량 비교는 짝을 이룬 t 검정과 부호 검정으로 테스트하였다 (실험Ⅱ). 총 22개의 경우 가운데 오직 4개의 경우에서만 인공어초 시설에 대한 유의한 긍정적인 효과를 보였고, 나머지는 대조구와 시설구의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로, 소청도 해역의 사각형어초는 긍정적인 효과를 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 해저 퇴적상의 유형은 매몰이나 침하 같은 인공어초 기능 감소의 주요인이 될 수 있으므로, 향후 조사에서는 어초 시설 주위의 환경 요인을 고려한 분석이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
In the autumn of 2000 and spring of 2001, field surveys were conducted to estimate the effectiveness of artificial reefs (type cube, 2×2×2㎥) that were established in the four islands of Bangnyeong, Socheong, Daeyeonpyeong and Ganghwa in Kyonggi Bay, the west coast of Korea during 1995 and 1996. The condition of reefs was examined through SCUBA diving and a side-scan sonar. Much of the reefs in Daeyeonpyeong and Ganghwa area were buried in bottom sediment. Despite an intensive search in Bangnyeong area, even a cluster of reefs was not found and most of them seemed to be buried by sand waves. Thus an appropriate investigation on the sediment transport should be included in pre-assessment for the expected performance and protection of artificial reefs. Distribution of average CPUE in natural fishing ground (control) was estimated by bootstrapping simulation and possible comparison of CPUE between control and reef areas (treatment) were made in Bangnyeong and Socheong (Experiment I). Positive reef effect was detected in Socheong but CPUE of treatment in Bangnyeong was varied between or lower than the 99% CPUE confidence intervals of the control. Control/treatment abundance and biomass of fishes and invertebrates were tested by paired t-test and sign test (Experiment II). Only four cases among 22 showed significant positive effect. Based on the results, the cube artificial reef in Socheong was inferred as an affirmative one. Floor type was hypothesized to be one of the probable agents in determining the effectiveness of artificial reefs.
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