해외 제로에너지타운 사례를 통해 본 제로에너지타운 정책 방향
Zero Energy Town: Concept and Policy Case Study
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전 세계의 도시는 탄소배출과 에너지소비 저감을 위하여 노력하고 있다. 탄소배출과 에너지소비의가장 큰 원인이 되는 건물의 화석에너지 소비를 줄이는 것이 중요한 화두로 떠올랐으며, 각국은 제로에너지 주택 보급ㆍ확산 정책을 펼치고 있다. 이 중 가장 효과적인 방법인 제로에너지타운 조성은 1990년대중반부터 진행되어 왔으며, 일부 국가에서는 시범단지 차원을 넘어 대규모 단지 조성이 본격화되고 있다. 본 연구는 제로에너지건물의 개념과 관련된 현재까지의 논의를 검토하고 각국의 제로에너지타운 정책을비교하였다. 제로에너지타운은 건물에너지효율 향상에 따른 에너지 절약과 신재생에너지를 통한 에너지생산이라는 두 가지 전략에 근거하고 있다. 제로에너지타운 정책을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대부분의 제로에너지타운은 집단에너지와 저소득층 문제에 중점을 두고 있었다. 둘째, 대부분은 중앙정부나 지방정부의 통합적이고 일관된 장기 정책에 따라 조성되었으며, 모니터링 등의 사후관리 체계가 잘갖추어져 있었다. 셋째, 과감한 지원을 바탕으로 한 공공·민간 협력이 이루어지고 있었다. 이에 서울시에서도 현재 계획된 친환경 단지 등을 제로에너지타운으로 조성하는 등 모범이 될 만한 시범사업이 필요하며, 신규뿐 아니라 기존 주택 수리를 통한 제로에너지타운 사업에도 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다
Abstract
Cities in the world have strived to reduce carbon emission and save energy. As a means of reducing fossil fuel consumption, they have enacted policies to improve building energy efficiency. For this purpose, governments have initiated demonstration zero energy town projects from 1990s. This paper aims to review the definition of zero energy, and to compare zero energy town policies of exemplar cases. The research shows that most zero energy towns have focused on the usage of CHP(Combined Heat Power)-based de-centralized energy supply system and the energy efficiency of affordable housing. Second, most of the towns have been formed based on comprehensive and coherent long-term policies of central or local governments. As such, many zero energy towns included sophisticated monitoring and maintenance schemes. Third, the case study indicates the importance of public-private partnership and the needs for government's strong support. As the review of policy case study suggests, Seoul Metropolitan Government should initiate a demonstration zero energy town development by revising current eco new-town plans. In addition, the city government should develop policies to link building energy efficiency and housing affordability by developing zero energy towns through retrofit of old housing stock.
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