이러닝 환경에서 e-튜터의 학습지원이 교수실재감과 학습실재감의 하위 변인에 미치는 구조적 영향력
The Impact of the e-Tutor on Perceived Teaching and Learning Presence in e-Learning
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본 연구는 인간 튜터의 역할에 근거하여 시스템으로 개발된 e-튜터가 교수-학습 지원을 수행할 때에 학습자가 인지하는 교수실재감과 학습실재감의 하위변인에 미치는 영향을 구조적으로 규명하기 위해 수행되었다. 따라서 e-튜터의 적용여부에 따라 교수실재감의 하위변인인 내용구조화촉진, 학습활동촉진이 학습실재감의 하위변인인 인지적, 감성적, 사회적실재감에 미치는 영향의 차이를 구조방정식 모형을 통해 검증하였다. 연구대상은 국내 H기업의 이러닝 강좌를 수강한 417명의 성인학습자였고, 이중 202명은 e-튜터 적용 집단에 215명은 미적용 집단에 배정되었다. 연구 결과, 교수실재감의 학습활동촉진은 학습실재감의 인지적, 감성적, 사회적실재감 요인에 모두 정적 영향을 미치며, 내용구조화촉진은 인지적실재감에만 정적 영향을, 사회적실재감에는 부적 영향을, 감성적실재감에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 두 집단에 대한 잠재평균분석 결과, e-튜터 적용 집단이 미적용 집단 보다 하위변인 모두에서 효과가 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 두 집단에 대한 다집단분석을 실시한 결과, 잠재변수 간의 구조적 관계는 두 집단에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 두 집단이 e-튜터 영향력의 구조적 관계에서는 동일하나, 영향력의 효과 크기에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 분석된 만큼, e-튜터 활용의 효과성과 가능성에 시사점을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of e-Tutor on teaching and learning presence sub-variables through Latent Mean Analysis and Multi-Group Analysis. For this study, a survey was conducted on the learners who were enrolled in an e-learning course at H Company in Korea. A total of 417 samples were analyzed for this research. Among the 417 learners, 202 learners were placed in the experimental group with the e-Tutor and the remaining 215 learners in the comparative group without the e-Tutor. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, all teaching presence sub-variables had positive effects on cognitive presence significantly. Especially, facilitation of learning activity had significant positive effect on emotional and social presence. Second, the e-Tutored group was found to have higher latent mean on all sub-variables as compared to the non-e-Tutored group. This e-Tutored effect was significantly large, with effect sizes as measured by Cohen’s d of .716, .254, .486, .821, and .625 for facilitation of content organization, facilitation of learning activity, cognitive, emotional, and social presence, respectively. Especially, the effect size of emotional presence was the highest. Third, facilitation of learning activity had positive effects on cognitive, emotional, and social presence significantly in both e-Tutored and non-e-Tutored groups. But facilitation of content organization had negative effects on social presence significantly in two groups. Also, it had positive effects on cognitive presence in two groups but it was statistical significant only in non-e-Tutored group. However there are no significant differences between all the structural path coefficients of e-Tutored group and non-e-Tutored group in the structural model.
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