미국 MOOC 최근 운영동향을 통해 본 MOOC 역할과 K-MOOC 운영에 대한 시사점
The analysis of current MOOC trends in the USA major MOOC platforms: the role of MOOCs and implications for K-MOOC operation
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MOOC가 세상에 출현한지 5년째로 접어들고 있다. MOOC는 고등교육 ‘비용과 접근성’ 차원에서의 혁신성으로 인해 기존의 캠퍼스 기반의 고비용, 폐쇄적인 대학교육체제에 미칠 파급력에 대해 많은 예측과 논란을 야기하였다. 일각에서는 MOOC의 파괴적 혁신효과로 인해 캠퍼스 기반 대학들이 사라지게 될 것이라는 급진적 주장도 있었고, 다른 한편에서는 초기 거품이 꺼지면 MOOC는 사라지거나 아니면 기존 대학교육을 보완하는 역할에 머무를 것이라는 온건한 주장도 있었다. 본 연구는 MOOC 출현 중반에 접어든 현시점에서, 선도적인 MOOC 플랫폼인 edX, Coursera, Udacity의 MOOC 운영 최근 동향을 분석하여 MOOC가 대학체제와의 관계에서 어떤 위치를 차지하고 어떤 역할을 수행하고 있는지를 점검해 보고, 이를 통해 출항한지 만 2년째로 접어든 K-MOOC가 어떤 방향으로 나아가야 할지에 관한 시사점을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 지금까지의 MOOC 운영 추세를 두고 볼 때, MOOC는 기존의 대학교육을 대체한다기 보다는, 직업세계의 급변에 따라 기존 대학교육이 효과적으로 대응할 수 없는 고등 직업교육 수요를 융통성있는 방법으로 제공하는 역할을 통해 대학교육을 보완하면서 고등교육의 지평을 넓혀나가고 있다. 또한, 제한된 범위이기는 하지만 MOOC의 학점인정, MOOC와 석사과정의 호환, 선학습 · 후지불 방식으로 기존 고등교육 전달방식의 역전, MOOC 학습성과를 통한 학생 모집, 고등교육의 분해(unbundling) 등 새로운 고등교육 패러다임을 시도하는 수단이 되고 있다. K-MOOC 운영을 위한 시사점으로는 고등직업 교육을 위한 MOOC 개발, 시리즈 강좌 제공을 통한 체계적 학습기회 제공, MOOC 학점화를 위한 제도적 기반 마련, 대학 신입생을 위한 대학 예비과정 MOOC 개발, 새터민의 고등교육확대 수단으로 MOOC 활용, 대학 이외의 기관·단체의 MOOC 참여 확대 등이 제안되었다.
Abstract
MOOC has been entering the world for five years now. MOOC has the innovative potential in 'cost and access' to higher education. So, MOOC has raised many predictions and controversy about its impact on existing campus-based university education system. On the one hand, there is a radical argument that MOOC's destructive innovation will lead to the disappearance of campus-based universities. On the other hand, there is a modest perspective that if the early bubble turns off, MOOC will disappear or stay in the role of complementing existing university education. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current MOOC trends in the USA major MOOC platforms(edX, Coursera, Udacity), examining the role of MOOCs in relation to university education system and to elicit the implications for K-MOOC operation. For now on, MOOC is not a substitute for existing university education, but rather serves as a flexible way to provide the demand for higher vocational education, which can not be effectively cope with by existing university education. In addition, the new higher education paradigm is experimented such as MOOC credit recognition, the transfer of MOOC to master's course, pre-study and post-payment method, the inverted student recruitment through MOOC achievement, unbundling of higher education. Implications for K-MOOC operation includeusing MOOCs for higher vocational education, providing series MOOC program, establishing a system for MOOCs credit recognition, developing a preparatory MOOCs for univertisy freshmen, expanding the provision of MOOCs by non-university institutions and organizations, using MOOCs for expanding higher education opportunities for new settlers.
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