온라인 토론활동에 대한 학습분석기반 대시보드 사례 분석 연구
An Analytic Review of Dashboard based on Learning Analysis for Online Discussion Activities
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초록
이 연구는 온라인 토론활동에 대한 대시보드 설계 및 개발 관련한 선행연구들을 분석함으로써 연구동향을 정리하고, 향후 학습분석기반 온라인 토론활동을 위한 대시보드 설계 및 개발에 시사점을 제안하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 문헌고찰연구방법론에 의하여 선행문헌 선정 기준 수립, 선행문헌 검색 및 선정, 분석 체계 수립, 선행문헌 선정 및 분석 체계에 대한 전문가 타당화, 그리고 선행문헌 분석 및 교차 검토의 과정을 거쳐 이루어졌다. 20개의 대시보드 관련 선행연구를 선정하였고, 타당성을 검증받은 분석 체계를 기반으로 연구자를 포함한 2명의 교육공학전문가들이 선행연구들을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 토론활동의 시각화 대상인 참여도를 시각화한 연구가 13개(65%), 상호작용을 시각화한 연구가 14개(70%), 토론주제를 시각화한 연구가 8개(40%), 메지시유형을 시각화한 연구가 7개(35%), 메시지관계를 시각화한 연구가 5개(25%)인 것으로 분석되었다. 시각화 데이터 객체는 분반 전체에 대한 데이터를 시각화한 연구가 15개(75%), 개별 학습자에 대한 데이터를 시각화한 연구가 9개(45%), 소집단에 대한 데이터를 시각화한 연구가 8개(40%)로 분석되었다. 시각정보 제시 목적은 과거에서부터 현재까지의 데이터를 기반으로 누적정보 제공이 15개(75%)로 가장 많았으며, 과거에서 현재까지의 변화추이를 나타낸 연구가 7개(35%) 있었고, 미래 예측 정보를 제공한 연구는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가장 많이 활용되고 있는 시각정보 유형은 비교/서열 16개(80%)였고, 뒤를 이어 관계 15개(75%), 시간 13개(65%), 분포 7개(35%), 텍스트 5개(20%), 상관 1개(5%)인 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과에 기반하여 시각화 대상별 시각화 방법, 온라인 토론활동에 대한 정성적 정보와 미래예측 정보에 대한 시각화의 필요성에 대해 논의하였고, 온라인 토론에 대한 학습분석기반 대시보드 관련 추후 연구로 시각적 피드백 유형에 따른 교육적 효과 분석 연구, 온라인 토론활동을 자동으로 분석하여 시각화 대상별로 정보를 제공하는 처방적 시스템 개발 연구 등을 제안하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to synthetically review the studies based on learning analysis for online discussion activities and to suggest directions of future research on design and develop dashboard for online discussion based on learning analysis. To achieve this purpose, the research method was based on the review study methodology: establishing inclusion criteria, search and selection of previous studies, setting up coding scheme, validation of literature selection and coding scheme, analysis, and cross-examination of the results. 20 studies were selected and two experts with Ph. D. in Educational Technology participated in the expert review survey. The research selection and coding scheme was verified(r=0.96). The analysis results were suggested according to coding scheme. As a result of research, there were 13(65%) visualizations of students’ participation, 14(70%) interactions, 8(40%) discussion topics, 7(35%) message types and 5(25%) message relationships. Visualization data objects consisted of 15(75%) studies of data for the entire class, 9(45%) of individual learners, and 8(40%) of small groups. The purpose of presenting visual information was to provide cumulative information 15(75%), alerting the change from past to present 7(35%), and there were no studies that provide future predictive information. The most frequently used types of visual information were comparison / sequence 16(80%), relation 15(75%), time 13(65%), distribution 7(35%), text 5(20%), and relation 1(5%). Based on the results of the research, we discussed the visualization methods for each visualization object, the need for visualization of qualitative information about the online discussion activities and the future prediction information, and suggested the future studies on educational effects on different visual feedback types, and system development that provides visual information by visualization object.
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