자율주행 자동차 구매의도에 미치는 영향요인: 계획행동이론, 혁신확산이론 및 기술준비도의 통합모형을 중심으로
Factors Influencing the Purchase Intention of Autonomous Vehicles: An Application of the Extended Model of TPB, DOI and TR
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본 연구는 자율주행 자동차에 대한 통합 수용 모델을 개념화하기 위해 계획행동이론을 기반으로 혁신확산이론과 기술준비도의 이론적 근거를 결합한 확장 모델을 제시하였다. 또한, 연령에 따른 소비 특성의 차이를 고려하여 모델의 구조적 관계에서 연령 집단 간 차이를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 운전자 191명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 모형은 PLS-SEM으로 분석하였으며, SmartPLS 3.0을 이용하여 변수들 간의 관계를 구조방정식 모델로 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 계획행동이론의 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동 통제는 자율주행 자동차 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 혁신확산이론의 지각된 혁신 특성에서는 상대적 이점, 적합성, 관찰 가능성이, 기술준비도에서는 혁신성, 낙관성이 태도에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 연령 집단 간 차이 분석에서는 40~50대 집단이 20~30대 집단보다 지각된 행동 통제와 의도와의 관계, 적합성과 태도와의 관계가 더 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 자율주행 자동차 기업 관련자에게 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 필요한 실무적 시사점을 제공하는데 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study provides a conceptualization of an integrated acceptance model for autonomous vehicles by presenting an extended model that combines the TPB, DOI, TR. In addition, considering the differences in consumption values and characteristics according to age, the differences between groups by age were verified in the structural relationships of the model. To verify the model of this study, an online survey was conducted targeting 191 car drivers. The research model was analyzed by PLS-SEM, and the relationships between variables were verified with a structural equation model using SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control of the TPB had a significant effect on intention to purchase an autonomous vehicle. Among the perceived innovation characteristics of DOI, relative advantage, compatibility, and observability, and among the TR variables, innovativeness and optimism had a significant effect on attitude. In the analysis of differences between age groups, the relationship between perceived behavioral control and intention, and the relationship between compatibility and attitude were stronger in the group in their 40s and 50s than the group in their 20s and 30s. This study is expected to provide practical implications for marketers of autonomous vehicle companies to establish strategies to expand demand for autonomous vehicles.
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