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희소성 메시지 유형과 명품 인식이 구매 의도에 미치는 영향

The Impact of Scarcity Message Types and Luxury Perception on Purchase Intentions

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초록

일반적으로 소비자들은 언제든 구매할 수 있는 제품보다 구매 기회가 제한된 제품에 더 큰 가치를 부여하기 때문에, 희소성 메시지는 구매 결정을 촉진하는 데 효과적이다. 수량 한정 희소성 메시지는 판매자가 제품의 수량을 인위적으로 제한하는 공급희소 메시지와 많은 사람의 구매로 인해 발생한 수요희소 메시지로 나눌 수 있다. 스니커즈 문화의 확대로 여러 스니커즈 제조업체는 소량 판매 방식으로 공급희소 메시지를 강조하고 있다. 본 연구는 스니커즈라는 특정 제품군에서 공급희소 메시지와 수요희소 메시지가 구매 의도에 미치는 영향을 비교하고, 소비자의 명품 인식이 이 효과에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. MTurk를 통한 온라인 실험 결과, 공급희소 메시지에 대한 스니커즈의 구매 의도가 수요희소 메시지에 대한 스니커즈의 구매 의도 보다 유의미하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 스니커즈의 공급희소 메시지가 수요희소 메시지보다 구매를 촉진하는 데 효과적이지 않았음을 의미한다. 최근 공급희소 메시지를 강조하는 문구가 무분별하게 사용되고 있는데, 본 실험 결과는 스니커즈에 있어 공급희소 메시지의 역효과를 보여주었다. 특히 스니커즈를 명품으로 인식하지 않은 경우, 공급희소 메시지는 수요희소 메시지보다 구매 의도가 유의미하게 낮았다. 그러나 스니커즈를 명품으로 인식한 경우, 공급희소 메시지와 수요희소 메시지의 효과는 서로 간의 차이가 없었다. 스니커즈를 명품으로 인식한 사람들은 스니커즈의 희소성 메시지가 공급과 수요 중 어떤 것이든 간에 크게 좌우되지 않고 높은 구매 의사를 보였을 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 이 결과는 희소성 메시지가 모든 상황에서 일관되게 긍정적인 효과를 나타내지 않으며, 소비자의 제품 인식에 따라 그 효과가 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

Consumers generally place greater value on products with limited purchasing opportunities than those available at any time, making scarcity messages effective in driving purchase decisions. Limited-quantity scarcity messages are categorized into supply-scarcity messages, where the seller artificially limits availability, and demand-scarcity messages, which arise from high consumer demand. With the rise of sneaker culture, many manufacturers emphasize supply-scarcity messages through limited sales volumes. This study examines the effects of supply-scarcity and demand-scarcity messages on purchase intention for sneakers and how consumers' perception of sneakers as luxury items influences these effects. An online experiment via MTurk revealed that purchase intention under supply-scarcity messages was significantly lower than under demand-scarcity messages, suggesting supply-scarcity is less effective in encouraging sneaker purchases. Particularly, when sneakers were not seen as luxury items, purchase intention under supply-scarcity was significantly lower than under demand-scarcity. However, for those who viewed sneakers as luxury items, there was no significant difference between the two messages. These findings indicate that the effectiveness of scarcity messages is not always consistently positive and can vary depending on consumers' product perception.

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