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베링공해 명태 트롤어업의 국가별 어획량, CPUE 및 월별 어장

Analysis on the national catch, CPUE and monthly fishing grounds of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma by the trawl fishery in the high seas of the Bering Sea

조현수
한국수산해양기술학회 (The Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology)|2016.05|수산해양기술연구 (Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology)|제52권 제2호|pp. 141-148|DOI 10.3796/KSFT.2016.52.2.141

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참고문헌

키워드

명태어장Fishing ground어획량Walleye pollockCatchCPUE단위노력당어획량베링공해High seas of the Bering Sea
주제분류수산학

초록

1984∼1992년 베링공해에서 조업한 한국, 일본, 폴란드 및 중국 4개국 명태트롤어업 어획통계 자료를 이용하여 국가별 연도별 월별 어획량, CPUE 및 어장의 중심과 분산을 다음과 같이 밝혔다. 베링공해 명태 조업은 1984년에 시작으로 본격적으로 개발되어 1989년에 1,447,600톤을 어획하여 최고치를 기록하였으나 1990년 이후 어획량이 급격히 감소하여 1994년부터 조업이 중단되었다. 한국과 일본이 베링공해에서 처음으로 명태 트롤 조업을 시작하였으며, 일본이 전체 어획량의 56.1%, 한국이 21.7%, 폴란드가 20.4% 그리고 중국이 1.8%를 차지하였다. 4개 조업국의 연도별 평균 CPUE는 1.7∼8.1 ton/hour으로써 1986년에 가장 높았고 1991년에 가장 낮게 나타났다. 국가별 평균 CPUE는 일본이 5.7 ton/hour로 가장 높게 나타났고 다음으로 폴란드 4.3 ton/hour, 한국 3.9 ton/hour 및 중국 2.4 ton/hour 순이었다. 1987～1990년 4개국이 어획한 명태 월별 누적 총어획량은 3월에 13.7만톤으로 가장 낮았고 12월에 84.8만톤으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 월별 평균 CPUE는 2월에 2.0 ton/hour로 가장 낮았고 11월에 6.3 ton/hour로 가장 높게 나타났다. 4개국 명태 트롤어업 월별 어장 중심은 1월에 베링공해의 남부 해역인 50번 해구 (56o 05'N, 178o 55'E)에서 형성된 후 반시계 방향으로 이동하여 12월에는 39번 해구(56o 37'N, 178o 24'E)에서 형성되었다. 월별 어장 분산은 대체적으로 동서 방향이 남북 방향에 비하여 크게 나타났으며, 연중 조업을 실시한 한국, 일본, 폴란드 3개국 트롤어선은 국가별로 약간의 차이점은 발견되었지만 비슷한 경향을 보인 반면, 7∼12월 동안만 조업을 실시한 중국은 어장의 분산 범위도 작았을 뿐만 아니라 어장 위치도 3개국과는 현저한 차이를 나타내었다.

Abstract

Annual and monthly pollock catches, CPUE and fishing grounds in the high seas of Bering Sea between 1984 and 1992 were analyzed for centroid distribution and bivariate ellipses of trawlers of South Korea, Japan, Poland and China. The catch amount differed by country as 56.1%, 21.7%, 20.4% and 1.8% were caught by Japan, Korea, Poland and China respectively. Japan recorded the highest mean CPUE at 5.7 ton/hour while it was 4.3 ton/hour for Poland, 3.9 ton/hour for Korea and 2.4 ton/hour for China. Cumulative catch varied by month, with the minimum of 137,000 ton in March and the maximum of 848,000 ton in December. Monthly mean of CPUE was the lowest in February (2.0 ton/hour) and the highest in November (6.3 ton/hour). The centroid distribution of monthly fishing ground was located at a southern spot (56° 05'N, 178° 55'E) in January, and it moved anti-clockwise toward 56° 37'N, 178° 24'E in December. Fishing grounds were scattered more by the east-west direction than by the south-north direction. The fishing grounds were similar for Korean, Japanese and Polish trawlers, but Chinese trawlers that fished only from July to December showed distinctively different fishing grounds from the others.

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