애니메이션 기반의 이러닝에서 정보제시 유형이 인지부하와 학습내용 이해에 미치는 영향
The Effect of the Types of Information Presentation on Cognitive Load and the Comprehension of Contents in the E-learning Environment
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초록
본 연구는 애니메이션 기반의 이러닝에서 애니메이션으로 인한 학습자의 인지부하를 최적화하고 학습효과를 촉진하기 위한 방법으로 정보제시 유형을 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 인지부하를 적정화하기 위한 멀티미디어 설계 원리를 기반으로 네 가지 유형의 정보제시 유형을 활용하여 애니메이션 기반의 이러닝 학습을 하였다. 연구 참여자는 대학생 92명이었고, 연구 대상자를 무작위로 네 집단으로 나누고 정보 제시 유형을 집단 별로 차이를 두어 제공하였다(애니메이션과 내레이션을 제공한 그룹, 애니메이션과 요약 내레이션을 제공한 그룹, 애니메이션, 내레이션, 요약 텍스트를 제공한 그룹, 애니메이션, 요약 내레이션, 핵심 단어를 제공한 그룹). 학습이 끝난 후, 인지부하와 학습내용 이해를 측정하여 선수지식과 공간지각능력을 공변수로 해서 공분산분석을 실시했다. 연구결과에 의하면 학습내용을 애니메이션, 요약 내레이션, 핵심 단어를 제시한 집단의 내재적, 외재적 인지부하가 가장 낮았고 본유적 인지부하가 가장 높았다. 정보 제시 유형이 학습내용 이해에 미친 영향을 구체적으로 살펴보면 선다형 회상 검사에서는 유의한 차이가 없었고 서술식 회상 검사에서는 애니메이션, 요약 내레이션, 핵심 단어를 제시한 유형이 학습내용 이해에 가장 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이를 통해 양식 원리, 중복 원리, 공간 인접 원리를 고려하여 설계한 정보 제시 유형이 불필요한 인지부하 발생을 줄이고 본유적 인지를 촉진하는데 도움을 주며 학습내용 이해에도 효과적이라는 실증적 결과를 얻었다. 성공적인 학습이 이루어지기 위해서는 내재적 인지부하와 외재적 인지부하를 조절하고 본유적 인지를 촉진해야 한다는 점을 고려할 때 본 연구의 결과는 애니메이션 기반의 이러닝 교수설계 전략에 주요한 시사점을 제공해준다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the types of information presentation to optimize cognitive load and promote the comprehension of contents in the animation-based environment. Participants were 92 undergraduate students of ‘H’ University and they were divided into four groups and each group was provided different types of information presentation as follows: the animation with narration type, the animation with concise narration type, the animation, narration, with concise text type, the animation concise narration, with key word type. After e-learning, three types of cognitive load was analyzed; intrinsic cognitive load, extraneous cognitive load, germane cognitive load. The results of this study are as follows: the intrinsic load of the animation with concise narration presented group was the lowest. The extraneous load of the animation, concise, with key word presented group was the lowest. The germane load of the animation, concise narration, with key word presented group was the highest. Regrading the comprehension of contents, it was founded that the performance of the animation, concise narration, with key word presented group was better than other groups. Therefore, the type of the animation, concise narration, with key word was effective on both cognitive load and the comprehension of contents.
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