순환여과 양식시스템 내 무지개송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss)의 적정 용존산소 농도평가
Evaluation of the optimal dissolved oxygen level for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the recirculating aquaculture system
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초록
기존 양식업은 생산성 감소하고 있어 물 사용량을 최소화하고 연중 내내 물 온도를 일정하게 유지하여 어류 성장을 지속하는 것으로 알려진 순환여과 양식시스템(RAS)으로 전환되고 있다. 무지개송어(Oncorhynchus mykiss)는 전세계적으로 중요한 냉수성 어종이자 우리나라 내수면 양식어종 중 세번째로, 번식력이 좋고 성장이 빠른 어종으로 가치가 높다. 용존산소는 어류 생산과 경제에 영향을 미치는 중요한 환경 요인으로 스마트 양식기술의 핵심적인 역할로 강조되고 있다. 2018년 이후 정보통신기술(ICT)을 접목한 지능형 양식플랫폼의 증가는 RAS 구현의 중요성을 부각시키고 있다. 본 8주간의 연구는 지속적인 모니터링, 제어 및 기록을 위한 장치를 활용하여 RAS에서 무지개 송어에 대한 최적의 용존 산소 농도를 결정하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 용존 산소 농도는 5~6 mg/L, 9~10 mg/L, 14~15 mg/L 및 17~18 mg/L 구간으로 설정되었다. 성장율은 5~6 mg/L 구간에서 유의하게 감소하였고 다른 실험군에서는 유의하게 차이가 없었다. 혈액학적 분석에서는 성장호르몬(GH)이 5~6 mg/L 구간에서 유의하게 가장 높았고, 그 다음이 9~10 mg/L 구간이었으며, 인슐린유사성장인자-1(IGF-1)은 5~6 mg/L 구간에서 유의하게 가장 낮았다. 결론적으로, RAS에서 무지개 송어의 최적 용존 산소 농도는 약 9~10 mg/L인 것으로 나타났다. 더 높은 용존산소 농도는 성장이나 수익성에 기여하지 않는다.
Abstract
Conventional aquaculture faces declining productivity, shifting to recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), known for minimizing water usage and maintaining consistent water temperatures for year-round fish growth. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a globally important cold-water species and the third most farmed fish in inland waters of Korea, valued for its fecundity and rapid growth. Dissolved oxygen, an important environmental factor affecting fish production and economics, highlights the need for smart aquaculture practices. Since 2018, the rise of intelligent aquaculture platforms, incorporating information and communications technology (ICT), emphasizes the essential role of RAS implementation. This eight-week study aimed to determine the optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for rainbow trout in RAS, utilizing a device for continuous monitoring, control and record. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were set at 5-6 mg/L, 9-10 mg/L, 14-15 mg/L and 17-18 mg/L. The growth rate significantly decreased at 5-6 mg/L, with no significant differences in other experimental groups. In hematological analysis, growth hormone (GH) was significantly highest at 5-6 mg/L, followed by 9-10 mg/L while Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was significantly lowest at 5-6 mg/L. In conclusion, the optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for rainbow trout in RAS is approximately 9-10 mg/L. Higher concentrations do not contribute to further growth or profitability.
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