다수 업종의 교차분석을 통한 꽃게 및 대게 어획 시 온실가스 배출량의 정량적 분석
A quantitative analysis of greenhouse gases emissions from catching swimming crab and snow crab through cross-analysis of multiple fisheries
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초록
본 논문은 꽃게 및 대게를 어획하는 업종들의 온실가스 배출량을 정량적으로 파악하기 위해서 전과정 환경영향평가방법을 이용하여 최근 3년간의 생산량 및 에너지 사용실태를 조사하였으며, 동일어종을 생산하는데 요구되는 어획 노력량이 상이함을 고려하여 유류 소모 계수를 도출하고 국내 수산업의 생산체계를 고려하여 시스템경계를 도출하였다. 분석 결과 꽃게 1 kg을 생산하기 위하여 배출되는 온실가스량은 연안통발, 근해안강망, 연안자망, 연안개량안강망, 근해자망 어업의 순으로 높게 나왔으며, 대게 1 kg을 생산하기 위하여 배출되는 온실가스량은 연안자망, 근해자망 어업의 순으로 높게 분석되었다. 또한, 꽃게를 생산하는데 배출되는 업종별 연간 온실가스 배출량 측면에서는 연안자망, 연안통발, 근해안강망, 연안개량안강망, 근해자망 어업의 순으로 높게 분석되었으며, 대게의 경우 연안자망, 근해자망어업의 순으로 높게 분석되었다. 특히, 꽃게를 어획하는 업종에서는 연안통발, 근해안강망, 대게를 생산하는 업종에서는 연안자망이 생산량에 비하여 배출하는 온실가스량이 높은 것으로 분석되어 향후 온실가스 배출량을 감축하기 위하여 많은 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
The interest in greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from all industries is emerging as a very important issue worldwide. This is affecting not only the global warming, but also the environmentally friendly competitiveness of the industry. The fisheries sector is increasingly interested in greenhouse gas emissions also due to the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015. Korean industry and government are also making a number of effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions so far, but the effort to reduce GHG in the fishery sector is insufficient compared to other fields. Especially, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries did not carry out extensively. The studies on GHG emissions from Korean fishery are most likely dealt with the GHG emissions by fishery classification so far. However, the forthcoming research related to GHG emissions from fisheries is needed to evaluate the GHG emission level by species to prepare the adoption of Environmental labels and declarations (ISO 14020). The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted to produce the species (swimming crab and snow crab) from various fisheries. Here, we calculated the GHG emission to produce the species from the fisheries using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries for the species are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for producing the unit weight species and annual production are calculated by fishery classification. The results will be helpful to establish the carbon footprint of seafood in Korea.
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