Supplementation of Dried Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profiles in Weaning Pigs
2
조회
0
다운로드
10
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profiles in weaning pigs. A total of 120 weaning pigs (28±3 days and 8.04±0.08 kg of body weight) were allotted to one of five treatments, based on sex and body weight, in 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen by a randomized complete block design. Supplementation level of dried mealworm was 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, or 6.0% in experimental diet as treatment. Two phase feeding programs (phase I from 0 day to 14 day, phase II from 14 day to 35 day) were used in this experiment. All animals were allowed to access diet and water ad libitum. During phase I, increasing level of dried mealworm in diet linearly improved the body weight (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.01). During phase II, ADG also tended to increase linearly when pigs were fed higher level of dried mealworm (p = 0.08). In addition, increasing level of dried mealworm improved the ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.05) and tended to increase gain to feed ratio (p = 0.07) during the whole experimental period. As dried mealworm level was increased, nitrogen retention and digestibility of dry matter as well as crude protein were linearly increased (p = 0.05). In the results of blood profiles, decrease of blood urea nitrogen (linear, p = 0.05) and increase of insulin-like growth factor (linear, p = 0.03) were observed as dried mealworm was increased in diet during phase II. However, there were no significant differences in immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG concentration by addition of dried mealworm in the growth trial. Consequently, supplementation of dried mealworm up to 6% in weaning pigs’ diet improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility without any detrimental effect on immune responses.
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profiles in weaning pigs. A total of 120 weaning pigs (28±3 days and 8.04±0.08 kg of body weight) were allotted to one of five treatments, based on sex and body weight, in 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen by a randomized complete block design. Supplementation level of dried mealworm was 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, or 6.0% in experimental diet as treatment. Two phase feeding programs (phase I from 0 day to 14 day, phase II from 14 day to 35 day) were used in this experiment. All animals were allowed to access diet and water ad libitum. During phase I, increasing level of dried mealworm in diet linearly improved the body weight (p<0.01), average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.01). During phase II, ADG also tended to increase linearly when pigs were fed higher level of dried mealworm (p = 0.08). In addition, increasing level of dried mealworm improved the ADG (p<0.01), ADFI (p<0.05) and tended to increase gain to feed ratio (p = 0.07) during the whole experimental period. As dried mealworm level was increased, nitrogen retention and digestibility of dry matter as well as crude protein were linearly increased (p = 0.05). In the results of blood profiles, decrease of blood urea nitrogen (linear, p = 0.05) and increase of insulin-like growth factor (linear, p = 0.03) were observed as dried mealworm was increased in diet during phase II. However, there were no significant differences in immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG concentration by addition of dried mealworm in the growth trial. Consequently, supplementation of dried mealworm up to 6% in weaning pigs’ diet improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility without any detrimental effect on immune responses.
참고문헌 (42)
- AOAC, "Official Methods of Analysis", Association of Official Analytical Chemists, ~ (1995)
- Attygalle, A. B, "Defensive secretion of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)", J. Chem. Ecol, 17, pp.805~809 (1991)
- Awoniyi, T. A. M, "Performance of broiler-chickens fed on maggot meal in place of fishmeal", Int. J. Poult. Sci, 2, pp.271~274 (2003)
- Bayes-Genis, A., "The insulin-like growth factor axis: a review of atherosclerosis and restenosis", Circ. Res, 86, pp.125~130 (2000)
- Analysis for nutritional value of four kinds of insects and use of Tenebrio molitor power in weaning pig production. China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), "Chen, Z. B.", Shandong Agricultural University, ~ (2012)
- Cromwell, G. L, "Livestock Feeds and Feeding", pp.354~ (1998), Prentice-Hall
- Eggum, B. O, "Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessing protein quality", Br. J. Nutr, 24, pp.983~988 (1970)
- Etherton, T. D., "Stimulation of pig growth performance by porcine growth hormone: determination of the dose-response relationship", J. Anim. Sci, 64, pp.433~443 (1987)
- Evans, D. F., "Meat meal in the diet of the early-weaned pig. I. A comparison of meat meal and soya bean meal", Anim. Feed Sci. Technol, 4, pp.33~42 (1979)
- Finke, M. D., "Complete nutrient composition of commercially raised invertebrates used as food for insectivores", Zoo Biol, 21, pp.269~285 (2002)
- Harikrishnan, R., "Dietary supplementation with chitin and chitosan on haematology and innate immune response in Epinephelus bruneus against Philasterides dicentrarchi", Exp. Parasitol, 131, pp.116~124 (2012)
- Hernandez, C, "Elaboration of a sweet yellow mealworm T. molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)", pp.1987
- Huang, Z. Z., "Development of new source of protein feed - rearing maggots", Feed Res, 1987, pp.17~21 (1984)
- Huang, R. L., "Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers", Poult. Sci, 84, pp.1383~1388 (2005)
- Hwangbo, J., "Utilization of house flymaggots, a feed supplement in the production of broiler chickens", J. Environ. Biol, 30, pp.609~614 (2009)
- Jensen, M. S., "Development of digestive enzymes in pigs with emphasis on lipolytic activity in the stomach and pancreas", J. Anim. Sci, 75, pp.437~445 (1997)
- Kats, L. J, "The effects of spray-dried blood meal on growth performance of the early-weaned pig", J. Anim. Sci, 72, pp.2860~2869 (1994)
- Lagunes, L. A., "Two Insects Productivity Obtained by Recycling of Organics Made of Animal and Vegetable", Ph. M., pp.1994
- Lee, C. G, "Chitin regulation of immune responses: an old molecule with new roles", Curr. Opin. Immunol, 20, pp.684~689 (2008)
- Leskanich, C. O., "The effect of dietary oil containing (n-3) fatty acids on the fatty acid, physiochemical, and organoleptic characteristics of pig meat and fat", J. Anim. Sci, 75, pp.673~683 (1997)
- Liu, Y. S., "Recent status and advances on study and utilization of Tenebrio molitor", J. Environ. Entomol, 32, pp.106~114 (2010)
- MacEvilly, C., "Bugs in the system", Nutr. Bull, 25, pp.267~268 (2000)
- Mahan, D. C., "Evaluation of feed grains with dried skim milk and added carbohydrate sources on weanling pig performance", J. Anim. Sci, 71, pp.3376~3382 (1993)
- Malmolf, K, "Amino acid in farm animal nutrition metabolism, partition and consequences of imbalance", J. Agric. Res, 18, pp.191~193 (1988)
- Newton, G. L., "Dried Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a supplement for swine", J. Anim. Sci, 44, pp.395~400 (1977)
- Ng, W. K, "Potential of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as an alternative protein source in practical diets for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus", Aquac. Res, 32, pp.273~280 (2001)
- Ni, X. J, "Evaluation of optimal silkworm supplementation in suckling piglets diet", ZheJiang J. Anim. Sci. Vet. Med, 3, pp.49~49 (1993)
- NRC, "Nutrient Requirements of Swine" (1998), National Academy Press
- NRC, "Nutrient Requirements of Swine" (2012), National Academy Press
- Overland, M., "Effect of fish oil on growth performance, carcass characteristics, sensory parameters, and fatty acid composition in pigs", Acta Agric. Scand. Anim. Sci, 46, pp.11~17 (1996)
- Ramos-Elorduy, J., "Use of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to recycle organic wastes and as feed for broiler chickens", J. Econ. Entomol, 95, pp.214~220 (2002)
- Nergui Ravzanaadii, "Nutritional value of Mealworm, Tenebrio molitor as food source", International Journal of Industrial Entomology, 25(1), pp.93~98 (2012), 한국잠사학회
- Sánchez-Muros, M. J, "Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: A review", J. Cleaner Prod, 65, pp.16~27 (2014)
- SAS Institute, "SAS", STAT User’s Guide: Version 9.1, 2002
- Shen, H., "Effect of Tenebrio molitor L. supplementation on growth performance and protein deposition in broilers", Heilongjiang Anim. Vet. Sci, 2006(8), pp.61~62 (2006)
- Smith, D. R., "Depression of lipogenesis in swine adipose tissue by specific dietary fatty acids", J. Anim. Sci, 74, pp.975~983 (1996)
- Stoner, G. R., "Effect of select menhaden fish meal in starter diets for pigs", J. Anim. Sci, 68, pp.2729~2735 (1990)
- Téguia, A., "The production performance of broiler birds as affected by the replacement of fish meal by maggot meal in the starter and finisher diets", Tropicultura, 20, pp.187~192 (2002)
- Van Oeckel, M. J., "Omega-3 fatty acids in pig nutrition: implications for the intrinsic and sensory quality of the meat", Meat Sci, 44, pp.55~63 (1996)
- The defensive secretion from insects, "Wang, X. P.", Institute of insect sources, Huazhong Agricultural University, ~ (2001)
- Yuanqing, X., "Effects of chitosan on the development of immune organs and gastrointestinal tracts in weaned piglets", Feed Ind, 3, pp.8~ (2013)
- Zhang, J. H., "Feed Resource and Utilization" (2002), China agriculture press