Comparison of Fecal Microbiota of Mongolian and Thoroughbred Horses by High-throughput Sequencing of the V4 Region of the 16S rRNA Gene
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The hindgut of horses is an anaerobic fermentative chamber for a complex and dynamic microbial population, which plays a critical role in health and energy requirements. Research on the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses has not been reported until now as far as we know. Mongolian horse is a major local breed in China. We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions from gut fecal material to characterize the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and compare them to the microbiota in Thoroughbred horses. Fourteen Mongolian and 19 Thoroughbred horses were used in the study. A total of 593,678 sequence reads were obtained from 33 samples analyzed, which were found to belong to 16 phyla and 75 genera. The bacterial community compositions were similar for the two breeds. Firmicutes (56% in Mongolian horses and 53% in Thoroughbred horses) and Bacteroidetes (33% and 32% respectively) were the most abundant and predominant phyla followed by Spirochaete, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Fibrobacteres. Of these 16 phyla, five (Synergistetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, TM7, and Chloroflexi) were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. At the genus level, Treponema was the most abundant genus (43% in Mongolian horses vs 29% in Thoroughbred horses), followed by Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Anaeroplasma, which were detected in higher distribution proportion in Mongolian horses than in Thoroughbred horses. In contrast, Oscillibacter, Fibrobacter, Methanocorpusculum, and Succinivibrio levels were lower in Mongolian horses. Among 75 genera, 30 genera were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. We found that the environment was one of very important factors that influenced horse gut microbiota. These findings provide novel information about the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and a foundation for future investigations of gut bacterial factors that may influence the development and progression of gastrointestinal disease in horses.
Abstract
The hindgut of horses is an anaerobic fermentative chamber for a complex and dynamic microbial population, which plays a critical role in health and energy requirements. Research on the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses has not been reported until now as far as we know. Mongolian horse is a major local breed in China. We performed high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes V4 hypervariable regions from gut fecal material to characterize the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and compare them to the microbiota in Thoroughbred horses. Fourteen Mongolian and 19 Thoroughbred horses were used in the study. A total of 593,678 sequence reads were obtained from 33 samples analyzed, which were found to belong to 16 phyla and 75 genera. The bacterial community compositions were similar for the two breeds. Firmicutes (56% in Mongolian horses and 53% in Thoroughbred horses) and Bacteroidetes (33% and 32% respectively) were the most abundant and predominant phyla followed by Spirochaete, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Fibrobacteres. Of these 16 phyla, five (Synergistetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, TM7, and Chloroflexi) were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. At the genus level, Treponema was the most abundant genus (43% in Mongolian horses vs 29% in Thoroughbred horses), followed by Ruminococcus, Roseburia, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Anaeroplasma, which were detected in higher distribution proportion in Mongolian horses than in Thoroughbred horses. In contrast, Oscillibacter, Fibrobacter, Methanocorpusculum, and Succinivibrio levels were lower in Mongolian horses. Among 75 genera, 30 genera were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two breeds. We found that the environment was one of very important factors that influenced horse gut microbiota. These findings provide novel information about the gut microbiota of Mongolian horses and a foundation for future investigations of gut bacterial factors that may influence the development and progression of gastrointestinal disease in horses.
참고문헌 (26)
- Blackmore, T. M., "Strong stability and host specific bacterial community in faeces of ponies", PloS One, 8, pp.e75079~ (2013)
- Chao, Y., "Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilm formation and dispersion during colonization and disease", Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol, 4, pp.194~ (2014)
- Cole, J., "The role of macrophages in the innate immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: Mechanisms and contrasts", Adv. Microb. Physiol, 65, pp.125~202 (2014)
- Costa, M. C., "Comparison of the fecal microbiota of healthy horses and horses with colitis by high throughput sequencing of the V3-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene", PloS one, 7, pp.e41484~ (2012)
- Costa, M. C., "The equine intestinal microbiome", Anim. Health Res. Rev. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, 13, pp.121~128 (2012)
- Daly, K., "Alterations in microbiota and fermentation products in equine large intestine in response to dietary variation and intestinal disease", Br. J. Nutr, 107, pp.989~995 (2012)
- Dougal, K, "Characterisation of the faecal bacterial community in adult and elderly horses fed a high fibre, high oil or high starch diet using 454 pyrosequencing", PloS one, 9, pp.e87424~ (2014)
- Dougal, K, "A comparison of the microbiome and the metabolome of different regions of the equine hindgut", FEMS Microbiol. Ecol, 82, pp.642~652 (2012)
- Gharechahi, J., "In-depth diversity analysis of the bacterial community resident in the camel rumen", Syst. Appl. Microbiol, 38, pp.67~76 (2015)
- Gustafsson, A., "Repeated administration of trimethoprim", sulfadiazine in the horse--pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and influence on the intestinal microflora, 1999, pp.22, 20~26
- Hintz, H. F., "Nutrition of the horse", Ann. Rev. Nutr, 14, pp.243~267 (1994)
- Lamendella, R, "Comparative fecal metagenomics unveils unique functional capacity of the swine gut", BMC Microbiol, 11, pp.103~ (2011)
- Larsen, N., "Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults", PloS one, 5, pp.e9085~ (2010)
- Ley, R. E., "Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes", Science, 320, pp.1647~1651 (2008)
- Ley, R. E., "Microbial ecology : Human gut microbes associated with obesity", Nature, 444, pp.1022~1023 (2006)
- Liu, X, "Analysis of the gut microbiota by high-throughput sequencing of the V5-V6 regions of the 16S rRNA gene in donkey", Curr. Microbiol, 68, pp.657~662 (2014)
- Manco, M., "Gut microbiota, lipopolysaccharides, and innate immunity in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular risk", Endocr. Rev, 31, pp.817~844 (2010)
- Mohammed, R., "Bacterial communities in the rumen of Holstein heifers differ when fed orchardgrass as pasture vs. hay", Front. Microbiol, 5, pp.689~ (2014)
- O'Donnell, M. M, "The core faecal bacterial microbiome of Irish Thoroughbred racehorses", Lett. Appl. Microbiol, 57, pp.492~501 (2013)
- Obitsu, T., "Nitrogen digestion and urea recycling in Hokkaido native horses fed hay-based diets", Anim. Sci. J, 86, pp.159~165 (2015)
- Sasaki, M., "Transglucosidase improves the gut microbiota profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study", BMC Gastroenterol, 13, pp.81~ (2013)
- Schoster, A., "Comparison of microbial populations in the small intestine, large intestine and feces of healthy horses using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism", BMC Res. Notes, 6, pp.91~ (2013)
- Shanks, O. C., "Community structures of fecal bacteria in cattle from different animal feeding operations", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 77, pp.2992~3001 (2011)
- Shepherd, M. L., "Characterization of the fecal bacteria communities of forage-fed horses by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA V4 gene amplicons", FEMS Microbiol. Lett, 326, pp.62~68 (2012)
- Steelman, S. M., "Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples reveals high diversity of hindgut microflora in horses and potential links to chronic laminitis", BMC Vet. Res, 8, pp.231~ (2012)
- Willing, B., "Changes in faecal bacteria associated with concentrate and forage-only diets fed to horses in training", Equine Vet. J, 41, pp.908~914 (2009)