The impact of different diets and genders on fecal microbiota in Hanwoo cattle
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Bovine fecal microbiota is important for host health and its composition can be affected byvarious factors, such as diet, age, species, breed, regions, and environments. The objectiveof this study was to evaluate the impact of diet and gender on fecal microbiota in Koreannative Hanwoo cattle. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal microbiota was conductedfrom 44 Hanwoo cattle divided into four groups: (1) 11 heifers fed an oat hay plus totalmixed ration (TMR) diet for breeding (HOTB), (2) 11 heifers fed an early fattening TMR diet(HEFT), (3) 11 steers fed the early fattening TMR diet (SEFT), and (4) 11 steers fed the latefattening TMR diet (SLFT). Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the first and second most dominantphyla in all the samples, respectively. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio associatedwith feed efficiency was significantly greater in the SLFT group than in the other groups. At the genus level, Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, and Turicibacter were the most abundantin the SLFT while Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Monoglobus were the most abundant inthe HOTB group. Although the same early fattening TMR diet was fed to Hanwoo heifersand steers, Marvinbryantia and Coprococcus were the most abundant in the HEFT groupwhile Alistipes and Ruminococcus were the most abundant in the SEFT group. Shannon andSimpson diversity indices were significantly lower in the SLFT group than in the other groups. Distribution of fecal microbiota and functional genetic profiles were significantly differentamong the four treatment groups. The present study demonstrates that different diets andgenders can affect fecal microbiota and the F/B ratio may be associated with feed efficiencyin Hanwoo cattle. Our results may help develop strategies to improve gut health and productivitythrough manipulation of fecal microbiota using the appropriate diet considering Hanwoocattle gender.
Abstract
Bovine fecal microbiota is important for host health and its composition can be affected byvarious factors, such as diet, age, species, breed, regions, and environments. The objectiveof this study was to evaluate the impact of diet and gender on fecal microbiota in Koreannative Hanwoo cattle. The 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal microbiota was conductedfrom 44 Hanwoo cattle divided into four groups: (1) 11 heifers fed an oat hay plus totalmixed ration (TMR) diet for breeding (HOTB), (2) 11 heifers fed an early fattening TMR diet(HEFT), (3) 11 steers fed the early fattening TMR diet (SEFT), and (4) 11 steers fed the latefattening TMR diet (SLFT). Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the first and second most dominantphyla in all the samples, respectively. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio associatedwith feed efficiency was significantly greater in the SLFT group than in the other groups. At the genus level, Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, and Turicibacter were the most abundantin the SLFT while Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Monoglobus were the most abundant inthe HOTB group. Although the same early fattening TMR diet was fed to Hanwoo heifersand steers, Marvinbryantia and Coprococcus were the most abundant in the HEFT groupwhile Alistipes and Ruminococcus were the most abundant in the SEFT group. Shannon andSimpson diversity indices were significantly lower in the SLFT group than in the other groups. Distribution of fecal microbiota and functional genetic profiles were significantly differentamong the four treatment groups. The present study demonstrates that different diets andgenders can affect fecal microbiota and the F/B ratio may be associated with feed efficiencyin Hanwoo cattle. Our results may help develop strategies to improve gut health and productivitythrough manipulation of fecal microbiota using the appropriate diet considering Hanwoocattle gender.
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