Effects of wheat supplementation levels on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate various wheat supplementation levels on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 growing pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc), with an average 27.75± 1.319 kg body weight, were used in growth trial. Pigs were allotted into each treatment by body weight and sex in 4 replicates with 6 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Four-phase feeding programs were used in this experiment. The treatments included the following: i) corn-soybean meal (SBM) – based diet (CON), ii) corn-SBM – based diet+15% of wheat (W15), iii) corn-SBM – based diet+30% of wheat (W30), iv) corn-SBM – based diet+45% of wheat (W45), and 5) corn-SBM–based diet+60% of wheat (W60). Results: There was no significant difference in growth performance among the dietary treatments. However, the gain-to-feed (G:F) ratio tended to increase (quadratic, p<0.08) when the pigs were fed a higher wheat diet during the finishing period. The digestibility of crude ash and fat tended to decrease as the wheat supplementation level increased (p<0.08). The proximate analysis of the longissimus muscle was not affected by the dietary level of wheat. The crude ash content in pork was decreased linearly as the wheat supplementation level increased (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pH level, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the pork. In pork and fat, L*, a*, and b* values were not significantly different among dietary treatments. Conclusion: Wheat can be supplemented up to 60% in a growing-finishing pig without detrimental effects on growth and pork quality. The G:F ratio tended to improve in the finishing period by wheat inclusion.
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate various wheat supplementation levels on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, and pork quality in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 growing pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc), with an average 27.75± 1.319 kg body weight, were used in growth trial. Pigs were allotted into each treatment by body weight and sex in 4 replicates with 6 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Four-phase feeding programs were used in this experiment. The treatments included the following: i) corn-soybean meal (SBM) – based diet (CON), ii) corn-SBM – based diet+15% of wheat (W15), iii) corn-SBM – based diet+30% of wheat (W30), iv) corn-SBM – based diet+45% of wheat (W45), and 5) corn-SBM–based diet+60% of wheat (W60). Results: There was no significant difference in growth performance among the dietary treatments. However, the gain-to-feed (G:F) ratio tended to increase (quadratic, p<0.08) when the pigs were fed a higher wheat diet during the finishing period. The digestibility of crude ash and fat tended to decrease as the wheat supplementation level increased (p<0.08). The proximate analysis of the longissimus muscle was not affected by the dietary level of wheat. The crude ash content in pork was decreased linearly as the wheat supplementation level increased (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the pH level, shear force, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of the pork. In pork and fat, L*, a*, and b* values were not significantly different among dietary treatments. Conclusion: Wheat can be supplemented up to 60% in a growing-finishing pig without detrimental effects on growth and pork quality. The G:F ratio tended to improve in the finishing period by wheat inclusion.
참고문헌 (33)
- Livestock feeding and feed imports in the European Union—A decade of change, "Hasha G", Electronic Outlook Report from the Economic Research Service United States Department of Agriculture, ~ (2002)
- Stein HH, "Feeding wheat to pigs", Swine Focus, 2, pp.1~8 (2010)
- Nutrient requirements of swine, "Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, National Research Council", National Academy Press, ~ (2012)
- Jaworski NW, "Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains", J Anim Sci, 93, pp.1103~1113 (2015)
- Yung-Keun Han, "Performance and Carcass Composition of Growing-finishing Pigs Fed Wheat or Corn-based Diets", ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 18(5), pp.704~710 (2005), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Cromwell GL, "Impacts of genetically modified, low-phytate corn and soybean meal and transgenic pigs possessing salivary phytase on phosphorus excretion", New Developments Regarding the Pig’s Need for Vitamins E, A, and C, 5, pp.59~ (2002)
- Phillippy BQ, "Susceptibility of wheat and Aspergillus niger phytases to inactivation by gastrointestinal enzymes", J Agri Food Chem, 47, pp.1385~1388 (1999)
- "FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief"[URL]
- Nutrient requirements of swine, "Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, National Research Council", National Academy Press, ~ (1998)
- Horwitz W, "AOAC Official methods of Analysis of AOAC International" (2005), AOAC International
- Seerley RW, "Effect of particle size of wheat on performance of nursery, growing and finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 66, pp.2484~2489 (1988)
- Lunen TV, "Influence of Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs", Can J Anim Sci, 76, pp.271~273 (1996)
- Carr SN, "Effects of different cereal grains and ractopamine hydrochloride on performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in late-finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 83, pp.223~230 (2005)
- Bruneau CD, "Dietary preferences for cereals of nursing and weaned piglets", Livest Prod Sci, 41, pp.225~231 (1995)
- Mavromichalis I, "Enzyme supplementation and particle size of wheat in diets for nursery and finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 78, pp.3086~3095 (2000)
- Pedersen C, "Digestibility of energy and phosphorus in ten samples of distillers dried grains with solubles fed to growing pigs", J Anim Sci, 85, pp.1168~1176 (2007)
- Sauer WC, "Apparent and true availabilities of amino acids in wheat and milling by-products for growing pigs", Can J Anim Sci, 57, pp.775~784 (1977)
- Woyengo TA, "Nutrient digestibility and performance responses of growing pigs fed phytase-and xylanase-supplemented wheat-based diets", J Anim Sci, 86, pp.848~857 (2008)
- Lyberg K, "Influence of phytase and xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based diet on digestibility and performance in growing pigs", Acta Agric Scand, 58, pp.146~151 (2008)
- Powell JJ, "Mechanisms of gastrointestinal absorption: dietary minerals and the influence of beverage ingestion", Food Chem, 51, pp.381~388 (1994)
- Graham H, "The influence of wheat bran and sugar-beet pulp on the digestibility of dietary components in a cereal-based pig diet", J Nutr, 116, pp.242~251 (1986)
- Choct M, "Anti-nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in poultry diets", Br Poult Sci, 31, pp.809~819 (1990)
- Noblet J, "Prediction of digestibility of nutrients and energy values of pig diets from chemical analysis", J Anim Sci, 71, pp.3389~3398 (1993)
- Kil DY, "Effect of the form of dietary fat and the concentration of dietary neutral detergent fiber on ileal and total tract endogenous losses and apparent and true digestibility of fat by growing pigs", J Anim Sci, 88, pp.2959~2967 (2010)
- Bergsjø B, "The effects of naturally deoxynivalenol-contaminated oats on the clinical condition, blood parameters, performance and carcass composition of growing pigs", Vet Res, 17, pp.283~294 (1993)
- Matthews JO, "Interactive effects of betaine, crude protein, and net energy in finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 76, pp.2444~2455 (1998)
- Dänicke S, "Effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat in diets for fattening pigs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, deoxynivalenol balance and clinical serum characteristics", Arch Anim Nutr, 58, pp.1~17 (2004)
- Miller ER, "Swine hematology from birth to maturity. I. Serum protein", J Anim Sci, 20, pp.31~35 (1961)
- Eggum, BO, "Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessing protein quality", Br J Nutr, 24, pp.983~988 (1970)
- Baxmann AC, "Influence of muscle mass and physical activity on serum and urinary creatinine and serum cystatin C", Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, pp.348~354 (2008)
- Okrouhla M, "Effect of lean meat proportion on the chemical composition of pork", Czech J Food Sci, 26, pp.464~469 (2008)
- Brewer MS, "Consumer‐rated quality characteristics as related to purchase intent of fresh pork", J Food Sci, 64, pp.171~174 (1999)
- Maganhini MB, "Meats PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) and DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry) of an industrial slaughterline for swine loin", Ciênc Tecnol Aliment, Campinas, 27, pp.69~72 (2007)