Effects of dietary energy and crude protein levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs
2
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an average body weight of 30.96 ± 3.068 kg were used for a 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 MJ/kg or 13.82 MJ/kg), and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of growing-finishing phases (high: 18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2% middle: 17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2% and low: 16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed ratio (G:F ratio) decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linear, p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) in the early growing period, and G:F ration also decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linearly, p < 0.05) over the whole growing phase. Over the entire experimental period, G:F ratio decreased as dietary ME level decreased (p = 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was increased as dietary energy level decreased in growing period (p < 0.01). During finishing period, total protein concentration was decreased by lower dietary energy level (p < 0.05). In this study, there were no significant differences in proximate factors, physiochemical properties, muscle TBARS assay results, pH changes, or color of pork by dietary treatments. However, saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased (p < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased (p < 0.05) when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg in growing-finishing pig diets. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to increase when CP level was decreased in growing-finishing pig diets (p = 0.06). A growing-finishing diet of 13.82 MJ/kg diet of ME with the high CP level can improve growth performance and show better fatty acids composition of pork.
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an average body weight of 30.96 ± 3.068 kg were used for a 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 MJ/kg or 13.82 MJ/kg), and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of growing-finishing phases (high: 18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2% middle: 17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2% and low: 16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed ratio (G:F ratio) decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linear, p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) in the early growing period, and G:F ration also decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linearly, p < 0.05) over the whole growing phase. Over the entire experimental period, G:F ratio decreased as dietary ME level decreased (p = 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was increased as dietary energy level decreased in growing period (p < 0.01). During finishing period, total protein concentration was decreased by lower dietary energy level (p < 0.05). In this study, there were no significant differences in proximate factors, physiochemical properties, muscle TBARS assay results, pH changes, or color of pork by dietary treatments. However, saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased (p < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased (p < 0.05) when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg in growing-finishing pig diets. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to increase when CP level was decreased in growing-finishing pig diets (p = 0.06). A growing-finishing diet of 13.82 MJ/kg diet of ME with the high CP level can improve growth performance and show better fatty acids composition of pork.
참고문헌 (46)
- Jongbloed AW, "Alteration of nutrition as a means to reduce environmental pollution by pigs", Livestock Prod Sci, 31, pp.75~94 (1992)
- Paik IK, "Strategies to reduce environmental pollution from animal manure: principles and nutritional management:a review. Asian-Aust", J Anim Sci, 9, pp.615~636 (1996)
- 정태삼, "성장단계별 사료급여 방법이 육성－비육돈의 성장과 육질 그리고 생산비에 미치는 영향", 한국축산학회지, 52(1), pp.29~36 (2010), 한국축산학회
- Nieto R, "Response analysis of the Iberian pig growing from birth to 150 kg body weight to changes in protein and energy supply", J Anim Sci, 90, pp.3809~3820 (2012)
- National Academy Press, , 1998
- National Academy Press, , 2012
- Buttery PJ, "Protein metabolism and nutrition", pp.197~ (1976), Butterworths
- Noblet J, "Effect of amino acid balance on nutrient utilization and carcass composition of growing swine", J Anim Sci, 65, pp.717~726 (1987)
- Le Bellego L, "Energy utilization of low-protein diets in growing pigs", J Anim Sci, 79, pp.1259~1271 (2001)
- Kerr BJ, "Influence of dietary protein level, amino acid supplementation, and dietary energy levels on growing-finishing pig performance and carcass composition", J Anim Sci, 81, pp.3075~3087 (2003)
- Chadd SA, "The performance response of growing and finishing pigs fed differing proportions oat feed as a dietary fiber source", EAAP Annual Meeting (1991)
- Smith JW 2nd, "Effects of dietary energy density and lysine : calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 77, pp.3007~3015 (1999)
- De la Llata M, "Effects of dietary fat on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment", J Anim Sci, 79, pp.2643~2650 (2001)
- Lopez J, "The effects of diets formulated on an ideal protein basis on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and thermal balance of finishing gilts housed in a hot, diurnal environment", J Anim Sci, 72, pp.367~379 (1994)
- Kerr BJ, "Effect of feeding reduced protein, amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen and energy balance in grower pigs", J Anim Sci, 73, pp.3000~3008 (1995)
- Whittemore CT, "The science and practice of pig production", pp.661~ (1998), Longman Scientific & Technical
- Schinckel AP, "Characterization of growth parameters needed as inputs for pig growth models", J Anim Sci, 74, pp.2021~2036 (1996)
- Apple JK, "Effects of dietary lysine and energy density on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed ractopamine", J Anim Sci, 82, pp.3277~3287 (2004)
- Kim BG, "A spreadsheet method for the experimental animal allotment", J Amin Sci, 85, pp.112~ (2007)
- AOAC, "Official methods of analysis" (1995), Association of Official Analytical Chemist
- Folch J, "A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues", J Biol Chem, 226, pp.497~509 (1957)
- Jin CF, "Effects of supplemental synthetic amino acids to the low protein diets on the performance of growing pigs", Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 11, pp.1~7 (1998)
- Edmonds MS, "Effect of dietary protein fluctuations and space allocation on performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 81, pp.2783~2791 (2003)
- Kil DY, "Effects of dietary soybean oil on pig growth performance, retention of protein, lipids, and energy, and the net energy of corn in diets fed to growing or finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 91, pp.3283~3290 (2013)
- Bergner H., "Protein evaluation and protein metabolism", Biochemical aspects of new protein food. FEBS 11th Meeting, pp.149~160 (1977)
- Hahn JD, "Diet type and feed form effects on the performance of finishing swine fed the β-mannanase enzyme product Hemicell", J Anim Sci 1995;73 Suppl, 1, pp.75~
- Hatori Y, "Effects of dietary protein levels on performance, plasma amino acid concentrations and biochemical components of female growing pigs", Anim Sci Tech, 65, pp.942~949 (1994)
- Coma J, "Lysine requirement of the lactating sow determined by using plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion", J Anim Sci, 74, pp.1056~1062 (1996)
- Fuller MF, "The protein-sparing effect of carbohydrate. 2. The role of insulin", Br J Nutr, 38, pp.489~496 (1977)
- Whang KY, "Blood urea nitrogen as an index of feed efficiency and lean growth potential in growing-finishing swine", Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 13, pp.811~816 (2000)
- Bergsjo B, "The effects of naturally deoxynivalenol-contaminated oats on the clinical condition, blood parameters, performance and carcass composition of growing pigs", Vet Res Commun, 17, pp.283~294 (1993)
- Matthews JO, "Changes in plasma metabolites and hormones in pigs relative to time of feeding", J Anim Sci, 76(Suppl 1), pp.168~ (1998)
- Kil DY, "Net energy of soybean oil and choice white grease in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 89, pp.448~459 (2011)
- Stewart LL, "Effects of dietary soybean hulls and wheat middlings on body composition, nutrient and energy retention, and the net energy of diets and ingredients fed to growing and finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 91, pp.2756~2765 (2013)
- Madeira MS, "The combination of arginine and leucine supplementation of reduced crude protein diets for boars increases eating quality of pork", J Anim Sci, 92, pp.2030~2040 (2014)
- Widmer MR, "Effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles, high-protein distillers dried grains, and corn germ to growing-finishing pigs on pig performance, carcass quality, and the palatability of pork", J Anim Sci, 86, pp.1819~1831 (2008)
- Meng QW, "Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 88, pp.3320~3326 (2010)
- Madsen A, "Influence of dietary fat on carcass fat quality in pigs. A review", Acta Agric Scand, 42, pp.220~225 (1992)
- "Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol", EFSA J, 8, pp.1461~ (2010)
- Teye GA, "Effects on muscle fatty acid composition, carcass, meat and eating quality", Meat Sci, 73, pp.157~165 (2006)
- Wood JD, "Effects of low protein diets on pigs with a lean genotype. 1. Carcass composition measured by dissection and muscle fatty acid composition", Meat Sci, 95, pp.123~128 (2013)
- Nemechek JE, "Effects of diet form and type on growth performance, carcass yield, and iodine value of finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 93, pp.4486~4499 (2015)
- Davis JM, "Effects of adding supplemental tallow to diets containing 30%distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality in growing–finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 93, pp.266~277 (2015)
- Bessa RJ, "Effect of pig breed and dietary protein level on selected fatty acids and stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase protein expression in longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat", J Anim Sci, 91, pp.4540~4546 (2013)
- Prandini A, "Microencapsulated lysine and low-protein diets : effects on performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen excretion in heavy growing-finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 91, pp.4226~4234 (2013)
- Hinson RB, "Impact of dietary energy level and ractopamine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 89, pp.3572~3579 (2011)