Insights into the genetic diversity of indigenous goats and their conservation priorities
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of 26 Chinese indigenous goats by 30 microsatellite markers, and then to define conservation priorities to set up the protection programs according to the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic diversity. Methods: Twenty-six representative populations of Chinese indigenous goats, 1,351 total, were sampled from different geographic regions of China. Within-breed genetic diversity and marker polymorphism were estimated calculating the mean number of alleles, observed heterozygosities, expected heterozygosities, fixation index, effective number of alleles and allelic richness. Conservation priorities were analyzed by statistical methods. Results: A relatively high level of genetic diversity was found in twenty-four population; the exceptions were in the Daiyun and Fuqing goat populations. Within-breed kinship coefficient matrices identified seven highly inbred breeds which should be of concern. Of these, six breeds receive a negative contribution to heterozygosity when the method was based on proportional contribution to heterozygosity. Based on Weitzman or Piyasatian and Kinghorn methods, the breeds distant from others i.e. Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, Chengdu Brown goat and Leizhou goat obtain a high ranking. Evidence from Caballero and Toro and Fabuel et al method prioritized Jining Gray goat, Liaoning Cashmere goat, and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, which agree with results from Kinship-based methods. Conclusion: Conservation priorities were determined according to multiple methods. Our results suggest Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat (most methods), Jining Gray goat and Liaoning Cashmere goat (high contribution to heterozygosity and total diversity) should be prioritized based on most methods. Furthermore, Daiyun goat and Shannan White goat also should be prioritized based on consideration of effective population size. However, if one breed can continually survive under changing conditions, the straightforward approach would be to increase its utilization and attraction for production via mining breed germplasm characteristics.
Abstract
Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of 26 Chinese indigenous goats by 30 microsatellite markers, and then to define conservation priorities to set up the protection programs according to the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic diversity. Methods: Twenty-six representative populations of Chinese indigenous goats, 1,351 total, were sampled from different geographic regions of China. Within-breed genetic diversity and marker polymorphism were estimated calculating the mean number of alleles, observed heterozygosities, expected heterozygosities, fixation index, effective number of alleles and allelic richness. Conservation priorities were analyzed by statistical methods. Results: A relatively high level of genetic diversity was found in twenty-four population; the exceptions were in the Daiyun and Fuqing goat populations. Within-breed kinship coefficient matrices identified seven highly inbred breeds which should be of concern. Of these, six breeds receive a negative contribution to heterozygosity when the method was based on proportional contribution to heterozygosity. Based on Weitzman or Piyasatian and Kinghorn methods, the breeds distant from others i.e. Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, Chengdu Brown goat and Leizhou goat obtain a high ranking. Evidence from Caballero and Toro and Fabuel et al method prioritized Jining Gray goat, Liaoning Cashmere goat, and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat, which agree with results from Kinship-based methods. Conclusion: Conservation priorities were determined according to multiple methods. Our results suggest Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat (most methods), Jining Gray goat and Liaoning Cashmere goat (high contribution to heterozygosity and total diversity) should be prioritized based on most methods. Furthermore, Daiyun goat and Shannan White goat also should be prioritized based on consideration of effective population size. However, if one breed can continually survive under changing conditions, the straightforward approach would be to increase its utilization and attraction for production via mining breed germplasm characteristics.
참고문헌 (33)
- L. F. Groeneveld, "Genetic diversity in farm animals - a review", Animal Genetics, 41, pp.6~31 (2010), Wiley[DOI]
- S. B. Reist-Marti, "Weitzman's Approach and Conservation of Breed Diversity: an Application to African Cattle Breeds", Conservation Biology, 17(5), pp.1299~1311 (2003), Wiley[DOI]
- P. J. Boettcher, "Objectives, criteria and methods for using molecular genetic data in priority setting for conservation of animal genetic resources", Animal Genetics, 41, pp.64~77 (2010), Wiley[DOI]
- Miguel A. Toro, "Molecular characterization of breeds and its use in conservation", Livestock Science, 120(3), pp.174~195 (2009), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Louis Ollivier, "Aggregate diversity: New approach combining within- and between-breed genetic diversity", Livestock Production Science, 95(3), pp.247~254 (2005), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- European Cattle Genetic Diversity Consortium, "Marker-assisted conservation of European cattle breeds: an evaluation", Animal Genetics, 37(5), pp.475~481 (2006), Wiley[DOI]
- S.J.G. Hall, "Prioritization based on neutral genetic diversity may fail to conserve important characteristics in cattle breeds", Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 129(3), pp.218~225 (2012), Wiley[DOI]
- H. Eding, "Marker-based estimates of between and within population kinships for the conservation of genetic diversity", Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 118(3), pp.141~159 (2001), Wiley[DOI]
- Caballero A, "Analysis of genetic diversity for the management of conserved subdivided populations", Conserv Genet, 3, pp.289~299 (2002)
- E Fabuel, "Analysis of genetic diversity and conservation priorities in Iberian pigs based on microsatellite markers", Heredity, 93(1), pp.104~113 (2004), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- N. Piyasatian, "Balancing genetic diversity, genetic merit and population viability in conservation programmes", Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 120(3), pp.137~149 (2003), Wiley[DOI]
- Jörn Bennewitz, "A novel method for the estimation of the relative importance of breeds in order to conserve the total genetic variance", Genetics Selection Evolution, 37(4), pp.315~ (2005), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Catarina Ginja, "Analysis of conservation priorities of Iberoamerican cattle based on autosomal microsatellite markers", Genetics Selection Evolution, 45(1), pp.35~ (2013), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- J. Cañón, "Relative breed contributions to neutral genetic diversity of a comprehensive representation of Iberian native cattle", animal, 5(9), pp.1323~1334 (2011), Cambridge University Press (CUP)[DOI]
- Solomon Gizaw, "Conservation priorities for Ethiopian sheep breeds combining threat status, breed merits and contributions to genetic diversity", Genetics Selection Evolution, 40(4), pp.433~447 (2008), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- R. Tadano, "Genetic characterization and conservation priorities of chicken lines", Poultry Science, 92(11), pp.2860~2865 (2013), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- J. P. Thirstrup, "Genetic analysis, breed assignment and conservation priorities of three native Danish horse breeds", Animal Genetics, 39(5), pp.496~505 (2008), Wiley[DOI]
- Ling YH, "Assessment of genetic diversity among the twelve Chinese meat goat breeds using weitzman approach", J Anim Plant Sci, 24, pp.986~990 (2014)
- Peakall R, "GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research-- an update", Bioinformatics, 28, pp.2537~2539 (2012)[DOI]
- J. Goudet, "FSTAT (Version 1.2): A Computer Program to Calculate F-Statistics", Journal of Heredity, 86(6), pp.485~486 (1995), Oxford University Press (OUP)[DOI]
- ROBIN S. WAPLES, "LDNE: a program for estimating effective population size from data on linkage disequilibrium", Molecular Ecology Resources, 8(4), pp.753~756 (2008), Wiley[DOI]
- Herwin Eding, "Assessing the contribution of breeds to genetic diversity in conservation schemes", Genetics Selection Evolution, 34(5), pp.613~633 (2002), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Pieter A. Oliehoek, "Estimating Relatedness Between Individuals in General Populations With a Focus on Their Use in Conservation Programs", Genetics, 173(1), pp.483~496 (2006), Genetics Society of America[DOI]
- H. Eding, "Linear methods to estimate kinships from genetic marker data for the construction of core sets in genetic conservation schemes", Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 120(5), pp.289~302 (2003), Wiley[DOI]
- Huson DH, "Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies", Mol Biol Evol, 23, pp.254~267 (2006)[DOI]
- Gutierrez JP, "MolKin v2.0: A computer program for genetic analysis of populations using molecular coancestry information", J Hered, 96, pp.718~721 (2005)[DOI]
- Di R, "Microsatellite analysis revealed genetic diversity and population structure among Chinese cashmere goats", Anim Genet, 42, pp.428~431 (2011)[DOI]
- Jian-Bin Liu, "Analysis of Geographic and Pairwise Distances among Chinese Cashmere Goat Populations", Animal Bioscience, 26(3), pp.323~333 (2013), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- Glowatzki-Mullis ML, "Genetic diversity measures of Swiss goat breeds as decision-making support for conservation policy", Small Rumin Res, 74, pp.202~211 (2008)[DOI]
- A. G. KIDD, "Hybridization between escaped domestic and wild American mink (Neovison vison)", Molecular Ecology, 18(6), pp.1175~1186 (2009), Wiley[DOI]
- C THOMAS, "Range retractions and extinction in the face of climate warming", Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21(8), pp.415~416 (2006), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Ian G. Jamieson, "How does the 50", 500 rule apply to MVPs?, 2012, pp.27(10), 578~584[DOI]
- Wang Z, "Analysing genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Chinese goat breeds by microsatellite", J Agric Biotechnol, 18, pp.836~845 (2010)