Empathy and Theory of Mind in Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: Relations With Schizotypy and Executive Function
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective While recent studies have found deficits in theory of mind (ToM) skills in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, empathic tendencies in these subjects remain unclear. The presence of high schizotypy and compromised executive functions, which are found in UHR individuals, would affect ToM skills and empathic tendencies. We investigated the ToM skills and empathic tendencies of UHR individuals and examined their relationship with schizotypy and executive function.Methods This study included 28 UHR individuals and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants completed a self-reported empathic scale (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales. Additionally, the ToM Picture Stories Task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted.Results UHR individuals showed a trend toward lower self-reported empathic tendencies; however, there were no differences in ToM skills between the two groups. Of the four subscales of the IRI, only empathic concern showed a significant difference between the two groups. Empathic concern was inversely associated with negative schizotypy.Conclusion Our findings suggest that UHR individuals show relatively preserved cognitive empathy but compromised emotional empathy. Furthermore, in UHR individuals, the empathic concern subscale of the IRI was associated with negative schizotypy, while ToM skills were related to positive schizotypy and executive function.
Abstract
Objective While recent studies have found deficits in theory of mind (ToM) skills in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, empathic tendencies in these subjects remain unclear. The presence of high schizotypy and compromised executive functions, which are found in UHR individuals, would affect ToM skills and empathic tendencies. We investigated the ToM skills and empathic tendencies of UHR individuals and examined their relationship with schizotypy and executive function.Methods This study included 28 UHR individuals and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants completed a self-reported empathic scale (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales. Additionally, the ToM Picture Stories Task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted.Results UHR individuals showed a trend toward lower self-reported empathic tendencies; however, there were no differences in ToM skills between the two groups. Of the four subscales of the IRI, only empathic concern showed a significant difference between the two groups. Empathic concern was inversely associated with negative schizotypy.Conclusion Our findings suggest that UHR individuals show relatively preserved cognitive empathy but compromised emotional empathy. Furthermore, in UHR individuals, the empathic concern subscale of the IRI was associated with negative schizotypy, while ToM skills were related to positive schizotypy and executive function.
참고문헌 (59)
- Green MF, "Social cognition in schizophrenia", Nat Rev Neurosci, 16, pp.620~631 (2015)
- Bora E, "Theory of mind and schizotypy : a meta-analysis", Schizophr Res, 222, pp.97~103 (2020)
- Quesque F, "What do theory-of-mind tasks actually measure? Theory and practice", Perspect Psychol Sci, 15, pp.384~396 (2020)
- Shamay-Tsoory SG, "The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in affective theory of mind deficits in criminal offenders with psychopathic tendencies", Cortex, 46, pp.668~677 (2010)
- Bensalah L, "Links among cognitive empathy, theory of mind, and affective perspective taking by young children", J Genet Psychol, 177, pp.17~31 (2016)
- Sebastian CL, "Neural processing associated with cognitive and affective theory of mind in adolescents and adults", Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci, 7, pp.53~63 (2012)
- Happé FG, "An advanced test of theory of mind : understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults", J Autism Dev Disord, 24, pp.129~154 (1994)
- Baron-Cohen S, "The"Reading the Mind in the Eyes"Test revised version : a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism", J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 42, pp.241~251 (2001)
- Koo Se Jun, "“Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test”: Translated and Korean Versions", PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION, 18(4), pp.295~303 (2021), 대한신경정신의학회[DOI]
- Brüne M, "Emotion recognition, ‘theory of mind, ’ and social behavior in schizophrenia", Psychiatry Res, 133, pp.135~147 (2005)
- Bora E, "Theory of mind impairment in schizophrenia : meta-analysis", Schizophr Res, 109, pp.1~9 (2009)
- Montag C, "Subtle deficits of cognitive theory of mind in unaffected firstdegree relatives of schizophrenia patients", Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 262, pp.217~226 (2012)
- Bora E, "Theory of mind impairments in first-episode psychosis, individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia : systematic review and meta-analysis", Schizophr Res, 144, pp.31~36 (2013)
- Davis MH, "Measuring individual differences in empathy : evidence for a multidimensional approach", J Pers Soc Psychol, 44, pp.113~126 (1983)
- Bonfils KA, "Empathy in schizophrenia : a meta-analysis of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index", Psychiatry Res, 249, pp.293~303 (2017)
- Achim AM, "Assessment of empathy in first-episode psychosis and meta-analytic comparison with previous studies in schizophrenia", Psychiatry Res, 190, pp.3~8 (2011)
- Montag C, "Self-reported empathic abilities in schizophrenia", Schizophr Res, 92, pp.85~89 (2007)
- Montag C, "Cognitive and emotional empathy in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis", Acta Psychiatr Scand, 142, pp.40~51 (2020)
- Thibaudeau É, "A metaanalysis of the associations between theory of mind and neurocognition in schizophrenia", Schizophr Res, 216, pp.118~128 (2020)
- Oliveri LN, "Depression predicts self assessment of social function in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy people", Psychiatry Res, 284, pp.112681~ (2020)
- Mathersul D, "Explicit identification and implicit recognition of facial emotions : II. Core domains and relationships with general cognition", J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 31, pp.278~291 (2009)
- Grant P, "Models of schizotypy : the importance of conceptual clarity", Schizophr Bull, 44, pp.S556~ (2018)
- Meehl PE, "Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia", Am Psychol, 17, pp.827~838 (1962)
- Meehl PE, "Toward an integrated theory of schizotaxia, schizotypy, and schizophrenia", J Pers Disord, 4, pp.1~99 (1990)
- Nelson MT, "Evidence of a dimensional relationship between schizotypy and schizophrenia : a systematic review", Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 37, pp.317~327 (2013)
- Gooding DC, "Theory of Mind and psychometric schizotypy", Psychiatry Res, 188, pp.217~223 (2011)
- Bedwell JS, "Latent factor modeling of four schizotypy dimensions with theory of mind and empathy", PLoS One, 9, pp.e113853~ (2014)
- Perner J, "Development of theory of mind and executive control", Trends Cogn Sci, 3, pp.337~344 (1999)
- Langdon R, "Mentalising, executive planning and disengagement in schizophrenia", Cogn Neuropsychiatr, 6, pp.81~108 (2001)
- Champagne-Lavau M, "Theory of mind and context processing in schizophrenia : the role of cognitive flexibility", Psychiatry Res, 200, pp.184~192 (2012)
- Miyake A, "The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex"Frontal Lobe"tasks : a latent variable analysis", Cogn Psychol, 41, pp.49~100 (2000)
- Barbato M, "Theory of mind, emotion recognition and social perception in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis : Findings from the NAPLS-2 cohort", Schizophr Res Cogn, 2, pp.133~139 (2015)
- Hur JW, "General intellectual functioning as a buffer against theory-of-mind deficits in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis", Schizophr Res, 149, pp.83~87 (2013)
- Yan Z, "A meta-analysis of the relationship between empathy and executive function", Psych J, 9, pp.34~43 (2020)
- Bang M, "Psychotic conversion of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis : The potential roles of schizotypy and basic symptoms", Early Interv Psychiatry, 13, pp.546~554 (2019)
- Carrión RE, "Impact of neurocognition on social and role functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis", Am J Psychiatry, 168, pp.806~813 (2011)
- Zheng W, "Neurocognitive dysfunction in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis : a meta-analysis", J Psychiatr Res, 103, pp.38~45 (2018)
- Bang M, "Neurocognitive impairments in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: who will really convert?", Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 49, pp.462~470 (2015)
- Chapman LJ, "Scales for physical and social anhedonia", J Abnorm Psychol, 85, pp.374~382 (1976)
- Eckblad M, "Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy", J Consult Clin Psychol, 51, pp.215~225 (1983)
- Heaton RK, "Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual: Revised and Expanded" (1993), Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc
- PS), Version 2, "Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders: Non-Patients Edition (SCIDI", pp.1996, First MB
- P), Version 2, "Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders: Patient Edition (SCID-I", pp.1996, First MB
- McGlashan T, "Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes" (2001), PRIME Research Clinic, Yale School of Medicine
- 강일, "한국어판 대인 관계 반응성 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구", 신경정신의학, 48(5), pp.352~358 (2009), 대한신경정신의학회
- Brüne M, "Mental state attribution, neurocognitive functioning, and psychopathology: what predicts poor social competence in schizophrenia best?", Schizophr Res, 92, pp.151~159 (2007)
- Chapman LJ, "Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later", J Abnorm Psychol, 103, pp.171~183 (1994)
- Eunchong Seo, "Aberrant Tendency of Noncurrent Emotional Experiences in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis", PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION, 15(9), pp.876~883 (2018), 대한신경정신의학회[DOI]
- 최수희, "정신분열병 및 우울장애 환자에서 무쾌감증의 특성 비교", 신경정신의학, 49(6), pp.570~577 (2010), 대한신경정신의학회
- Jhung K, "Experiential pleasure deficits in the prodrome : a study of emotional experiences in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis and recent-onset schizophrenia", Compr Psychiatry, 68, pp.209~216 (2016)
- van Donkersgoed RJ, "Social cognition in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis : a meta-analysis", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0141075~ (2015)
- Stanford AD, "Theory of mind in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis", Schizophr Res, 131, pp.11~17 (2011)
- Chung YS, "Deficit of theory of mind in individuals at ultra-high-risk for schizophrenia", Schizophr Res, 99, pp.111~118 (2008)
- Ohmuro N, "Deficits of cognitive theory of mind and its relationship with functioning in individuals with an at-risk mental state and first-episode psychosis", Psychiatry Res, 243, pp.318~325 (2016)
- Berger P, "Cognitive and emotional empathy in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders : a replication and extension study", Psychiatry Res, 276, pp.56~59 (2019)
- Wang Y, "Dimensional schizotypy and social cognition : an fMRI imaging study", Front Behav Neurosci, 9, pp.133~ (2015)
- Yang HX, "Exploring the links between alexithymia, empathy and schizotypy in college students using network analysis", Cogn Neuropsychiatry, 25, pp.245~253 (2020)
- Blanchard JJ, "Hedonic capacity and schizotypy revisited : a taxometric analysis of social anhedonia", J Abnorm Psychol, 109, pp.87~95 (2000)
- Bonfils KA, "Affective empathy in schizophrenia : a meta-analysis", Schizophr Res, 175, pp.109~117 (2016)
