Effect of lipid source and emulsifier on productive and physiological parameters of broilers
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of degummed soybean oil (DSO) by acid soybean oil (ASO) in diets with or without the inclusion of emulsifier on broiler performance, relative organ weight, lipase activity, intestinal morphometry, and nutrient digestibility. Methods: A total of 704 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allotted to a 2×2 completely randomized factorial design (with or without emulsifier × two lipid sources [ASO and DSO]), with eight replicates and 22 birds each. The metabolizable energy level in diets with emulsifier was reduced by 40 kcal/kg from 1 to 21 d and 50 kcal/kg from 22 to 49 d. Results: Broilers fed diets containing ASO without emulsifier had higher (p = 0.005) weight gain than DSO-fed animals and with the inclusion of emulsifier had worse (p = 0.018) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed diets with emulsifier worsened FCR regardless of lipid source from 1 to 21 days (p = 0.006) and from 1 to 49 days (p = 0.0002). There was an increase (p = 0.026) in the relative pancreas weight, at 14 days, in birds fed diets containing ASO. Lipase activity and morphometry of the duodenum and jejunum, at 14 and 21 days, were not affected (p>0.05). The dietary inclusion of emulsifier improved the digestible energy (p = 0.053) in the presence of ASO. For the digestibility coefficients (gross energy, crude protein, and mineral matter), no interference was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The inclusion of emulsifier to energy-restricted diet with ASO maintained broiler performance in the first week, but worsened FCR in subsequent phases. The ASO can be considered as an alternative lipid source to DSO and does not interfere with the morphophysiological characteristics and performance of broilers. The combination of ASO and emulsifier increased the digestible energy content by 6.2%.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of degummed soybean oil (DSO) by acid soybean oil (ASO) in diets with or without the inclusion of emulsifier on broiler performance, relative organ weight, lipase activity, intestinal morphometry, and nutrient digestibility. Methods: A total of 704 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allotted to a 2×2 completely randomized factorial design (with or without emulsifier × two lipid sources [ASO and DSO]), with eight replicates and 22 birds each. The metabolizable energy level in diets with emulsifier was reduced by 40 kcal/kg from 1 to 21 d and 50 kcal/kg from 22 to 49 d. Results: Broilers fed diets containing ASO without emulsifier had higher (p = 0.005) weight gain than DSO-fed animals and with the inclusion of emulsifier had worse (p = 0.018) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed diets with emulsifier worsened FCR regardless of lipid source from 1 to 21 days (p = 0.006) and from 1 to 49 days (p = 0.0002). There was an increase (p = 0.026) in the relative pancreas weight, at 14 days, in birds fed diets containing ASO. Lipase activity and morphometry of the duodenum and jejunum, at 14 and 21 days, were not affected (p>0.05). The dietary inclusion of emulsifier improved the digestible energy (p = 0.053) in the presence of ASO. For the digestibility coefficients (gross energy, crude protein, and mineral matter), no interference was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion: The inclusion of emulsifier to energy-restricted diet with ASO maintained broiler performance in the first week, but worsened FCR in subsequent phases. The ASO can be considered as an alternative lipid source to DSO and does not interfere with the morphophysiological characteristics and performance of broilers. The combination of ASO and emulsifier increased the digestible energy content by 6.2%.
참고문헌 (29)
- Rostagno HS, "Brazilian tables for poultry and swine: food composition and nutritional requirements" (2017), Universidade Federal de Viçosa
- Arturo Cortes-Cuevas, "Effect of two oil types and energy levels on broiler performance, carcass quality and skin pigmentation", Austral journal of veterinary sciences, 50(2), pp.89~94 (2018), SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)[DOI]
- L. Borsatti, "Apparent metabolizable energy of by-products from the soybean oil industry for broilers: acidulated soapstock, glycerin, lecithin, and their mixture", Poultry Science, 97(1), pp.124~130 (2018), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- R Rodriguez-Sanchez, "Effects of dietary free fatty-acid content and saturation degree on lipid-class composition and fatty-acid digestibility along the gastrointestinal tract in broiler starter chickens", Poultry Science, 98(10), pp.4929~4941 (2019), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- YAEL NOY, "Digestion and Absorption in the Young Chick", Poultry Science, 74(2), pp.366~373 (1995), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Amitava Roy, "Effects of Supplemental Exogenous Emulsifier on Performance, Nutrient Metabolism, and Serum Lipid Profile in Broiler Chickens", Veterinary Medicine International, 2010, pp.1~9 (2010), Hindawi Limited[DOI]
- Sebastian Andrzej Kaczmarek, "Effects of glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate on nutrient utilisation and performance of broiler chickens", Archives of Animal Nutrition, 69(4), pp.285~296 (2015), Informa UK Limited[DOI]
- Udomprasert P, "Effect of an exogenous emulsifier on growth performance in weanling pigs", Kasetysart J Nat Sci, 40, pp.652~656 (2006)
- Sakomura NK, "Methods of research in non ruminant nutrition" (2016), Funep
- D.F. Pinheiro, "Effect of early feed restriction and enzyme supplementation on digestive enzyme activities in broilers", Poultry Science, 83(9), pp.1544~1550 (2004), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Marion M. Bradford, "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding", Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), pp.248~254 (1976), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Luna GC, "Manual of histologic staining methods of the armed forces. Institute of pathology" (1968), McGrawHill
- K. Kisielinski, "A simple new method to calculate small intestine absorptive surface in the rat", Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2(3), pp.131~135 (2002), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- AOAC, "Official methods of analysis" (2012), AOAC Int
- J. Van Keulen, "Evaluation of Acid-Insoluble Ash as a Natural Marker in Ruminant Digestibility Studies", Journal of Animal Science, 44(2), pp.282~287 (1977), Oxford University Press (OUP)[DOI]
- Tammy Kindel, "The mechanism of the formation and secretion of chylomicrons", Atherosclerosis Supplements, 11(1), pp.11~16 (2010), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Anita Larsson, "Effect of phosphatidylcholine and free fatty acids on the activity of pancreatic lipase-colipase", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 876(3), pp.543~550 (1986), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- ÅSHILD KROGDAHL, "Influence of Age on Lipase, Amylase, and Protease Activities in Pancreatic Tissue and Intestinal Contents of Young Turkeys", Poultry Science, 68(11), pp.1561~1568 (1989), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- AC Guerreiro Neto, "Emulsifier in broiler diets containing different fat sources", Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 13(2), pp.119~125 (2011), FapUNIFESP (SciELO)[DOI]
- Zavareie HN, "Effect of dietary phospholipids on performance, intestinal morphology and fat digestibility in broiler chicks", J Livest Sci, 9, pp.107~115 (2018)
- Nilva Kazue Sakomura, "Efeito da idade dos frangos de corte sobre a atividade enzimática e digestibilidade dos nutrientes do farelo de soja e da soja integral", Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 33(4), pp.924~935 (2004), FapUNIFESP (SciELO)[DOI]
- Tan HS, "Effect of exogenous emulsifier on growth performance, fat digestibility, apparent metabolisable energy in broiler chickens", J Biochem Microbiol Biotechnol, 4, pp.7~10 (2016)
- W Al-Marzooqi, "Evaluation of dietary supplements of lipase, detergent, and crude porcine pancreas on fat utilization by young broiler chicks", Poultry Science, 78(11), pp.1561~1566 (1999), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- V. Ravindran, "Fats in poultry nutrition: Digestive physiology and factors influencing their utilisation", Animal Feed Science and Technology, 213, pp.1~21 (2016), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Antônio Gilberto Bertechini, "Metabolizable energy values of soybean meals and soybean oil for broilers at different ages", Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 41(1), pp.e44540~ (2019), Universidade Estadual de Maringa[DOI]
- D. Khonyoung, "Influence of dietary fat sources and lysolecithin on growth performance, visceral organ size, and histological intestinal alteration in broiler chickens", Livestock Science, 176, pp.111~120 (2015), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Vieira SL, "Energy utilization of broiler feeds formulated with acidulated soybean soapstock", Braz J Poult Sci, 33, pp.127~139 (2002)[DOI]
- S.L. Vieira, "Energy Utilization from Various Fat Sources by Broiler Chickens at Different Ages", International Journal of Poultry Science, 14(5), pp.257~261 (2015), Science Alert[DOI]
- Kulkarni RC, "Supplementation of different emulsifiers on performance of broilers", J Entomol Zool Stud, 7, pp.25~29 (2019)