본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Three-step in vitro digestion model for evaluating and predicting fecal odor emission from growing pigs with different dietary protein intakes

2

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

Objective: The objective of this study was to select an effective in vitro digestion-fermentation model to estimate the effect of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) on odor emission during pig production and to suggest potential prediction markers through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: In the in vitro experiment, three diet formulations with different CP contents (170 g/kg, 150 g/kg, and 130 g/kg) but containing the same standardized ileal digestible essential amino acids (SID-EAA) were assessed. Each diet was evaluated by two different in vitro gastric-intestinal phase digestion methods (flask and dialysis), combined with fresh pig feces-ferment inoculation. Eighteen growing barrows (31.9±1.6 kg) were divided into three groups: control diet (180 g CP/kg, without SID-EAA adjustment), 170 g CP/kg diet, and 150 g CP/kg diet for 4 weeks. Results: The in vitro digestion results indicated that in vitro digestibility was affected by the gastric-intestinal phase digestion method and dietary CP level. According to the gas kinetic and digestibility results, the dialysis method showed greater distinguishability for dietary CP level adjustment. Nitrogen-related odor compounds (NH3-N, indole, p-cresol, and skatole) were highly correlated with urease and protease activity. The feeding study indicated that both EAA-adjusted diets resulted in a lower odor emission especially in p-cresol and skatole. Both protease and urease activity in feces were also closely related to odor emissions from nitrogen metabolism compounds. Conclusion: Dialysis digestion in the gastric-intestinal phase followed by fresh fecal inoculation fermentation is suitable for in vitro diet evaluation. The enzyme activity in the fermentation and the fecal samples might provide a simple and effective estimation tool for nitrogen-related odor emission prediction in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to select an effective in vitro digestion-fermentation model to estimate the effect of decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) on odor emission during pig production and to suggest potential prediction markers through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: In the in vitro experiment, three diet formulations with different CP contents (170 g/kg, 150 g/kg, and 130 g/kg) but containing the same standardized ileal digestible essential amino acids (SID-EAA) were assessed. Each diet was evaluated by two different in vitro gastric-intestinal phase digestion methods (flask and dialysis), combined with fresh pig feces-ferment inoculation. Eighteen growing barrows (31.9±1.6 kg) were divided into three groups: control diet (180 g CP/kg, without SID-EAA adjustment), 170 g CP/kg diet, and 150 g CP/kg diet for 4 weeks. Results: The in vitro digestion results indicated that in vitro digestibility was affected by the gastric-intestinal phase digestion method and dietary CP level. According to the gas kinetic and digestibility results, the dialysis method showed greater distinguishability for dietary CP level adjustment. Nitrogen-related odor compounds (NH3-N, indole, p-cresol, and skatole) were highly correlated with urease and protease activity. The feeding study indicated that both EAA-adjusted diets resulted in a lower odor emission especially in p-cresol and skatole. Both protease and urease activity in feces were also closely related to odor emissions from nitrogen metabolism compounds. Conclusion: Dialysis digestion in the gastric-intestinal phase followed by fresh fecal inoculation fermentation is suitable for in vitro diet evaluation. The enzyme activity in the fermentation and the fecal samples might provide a simple and effective estimation tool for nitrogen-related odor emission prediction in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

참고문헌 (30)

  1. Le PD, "Odour from animal production facilities : its relationship to diet", Nutr Res Rev, 18, pp.3~30 (2005)[DOI]
  2. Shriver JA, "Effects of adding fiber sources to reduced-crude protein, amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and carcass traits of finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 81, pp.492~502 (2003)[DOI]
  3. Bohn T, "Correlation between in vitro and in vivo data on food digestion. What can we predict with static in vitro digestion models?", Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 58, pp.2239~2261 (2018)[DOI]
  4. Dupont D, "Can dynamic in vitro digestion systems mimic the physiological reality?", Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 59, pp.1546~1562 (2019)[DOI]
  5. Uerlings J, "In vitro prebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets", Br J Nutr, 123, pp.293~307 (2020)[DOI]
  6. Pellikaan WF, "Adaptive capacity of faecal microbiota from piglets receiving diets with different types of inulin-type fructans", Livest Sci, 108, pp.178~181 (2007)[DOI]
  7. Chen L, "Prediction of digestible energy of feed ingredients for growing pigs using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system", J Anim Sci, 92, pp.3887~3894 (2014)[DOI]
  8. National Research Council, "Nutrient requirements of swine" (2012), National Academies Press
  9. Minekus M, "A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food-an international consensus", Food Funct, 5, pp.1113~1124 (2014)[DOI]
  10. Williams BA, "An in vitro batch culture method to assess potential fermentability of feed ingredients for monogastric diets", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 123-124, pp.445~462 (2005)[DOI]
  11. Bauer E, "Microbial activities of faeces from unweaned and adult pigs, in relation to selected fermentable carbohydrates", Anim Sci, 73, pp.313~322 (2001)[DOI]
  12. Horwitz W, "Official methods of analysis of AOAC International" (2005), AOAC International
  13. Schmidt M, "High-throughput assays for lipases and esterases", Biomol Eng, 22, pp.51~56 (2005)[DOI]
  14. Jaworski NW, "Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains", J Anim Sci, 93, pp.1103~1113 (2015)[DOI]
  15. Graham H, "An in vitro method for studying digestion in the pig. 2. Comparison with in vivo ileal and faecal digestibilities", Br J Nutr, 61, pp.689~698 (1989)[DOI]
  16. Dai X, "A determination and comparison of urease activity in feces and fresh manure from pig and cattle in relation to ammonia production and pH changes", PLoS One, 9, pp.e110402~ (2014)[DOI]
  17. Macfarlane GT, "Human health. Springer Series in Applied Biology", pp.17~52 (1994), Springer
  18. Li Y, "Supplementation of branched-chain amino acids in protein-restricted diets modulates the expression levels of amino acid transporters and energy metabolism associated regulators in the adipose tissue of growing pigs", Anim Nutr, 2, pp.24~32 (2016)[DOI]
  19. Le Bellego L, "Effect of high temperature and low-protein diets on the performance of growing-finishing pigs", J Anim Sci, 80, pp.691~701 (2002)[DOI]
  20. Kay RM, "Ammonia emission from pig buildings and characteristics of slurry produced by pigs offered low crude protein diets", Proceeding International Symposium Ammonia and Odour Control from Animal Production Facilities, pp.253~259 (1997)
  21. Otto ER, "Ammonia, volatile fatty acids, phenolics, and odor offensiveness in manure from growing pigs fed diets reduced in protein concentration", J Anim Sci, 81, pp.1754~1763 (2003)[DOI]
  22. Yu M, "Long-term effects of early antibiotic intervention on blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbial fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary protein levels", J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 8, pp.60~ (2017)[DOI]
  23. 조성백, "Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Composition of Odorous Compounds and Bacterial Ecology in Pig Manure", Animal Bioscience, 28(9), pp.1362~1370 (2015), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
  24. Keseler IM, "EcoCyc : Fusing model organism databases with systems biology", Nucleic Acids Res, 41, pp.D605~D612 (2013)[DOI]
  25. Wong J, "Expansion of urease-and uricase-containing, indole-and p-cresol-forming and contraction of short-chain fatty acid-producing intestinal microbiota in ESRD", Am J Nephrol, 39, pp.230~237 (2014)[DOI]
  26. Neeraja Recharla, "Effects of amino acid composition in pig diet on odorous compounds and microbial characteristics of swine excreta", 한국축산학회지, 59(12), pp.1~8 (2017), 한국축산학회[DOI]
  27. Hobbs PJ, "Reduction of odorous compounds in fresh pig slurry by dietary control of crude protein", J Sci Food Agric, 71, pp.508~514 (1996)[DOI]
  28. Turner LW, "Ammonia (NH3) emission from swine waste as influenced by diet manipulation", Proceeding 1st International Conference Air Pollution from Agriculture, pp.453~458 (1996)
  29. Zhang H, "Impact of fermentable protein, by feeding high protein diets, on microbial composition, microbial catabolic activity, gut health and beyond in pigs", Microorganisms, 8, pp.1735~ (2020)[DOI]
  30. Smith EA, "Dissimilatory amino acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria", Anaerobe, 3, pp.327~337 (1997)[DOI]

관련 논문AI추천

Effect of Dietary Protein Levels on Composition of Odorous Compounds and Bacterial Ecology in Pig Manure박성권, 조성백, 황옥화아세아·태평양축산학회 · Animal Bioscience2015 · 제28권 제9호Effects of amino acid composition in pig diet on odorous compounds and microbial characteristics of swine excreta김기현, 류재형, 박성권, 박준철, 백열창, 오영균, 이현정, 정용대, 정진영, 황옥화, Neeraja Recharla한국축산학회 · 한국축산학회지2017 · 제59권 제12호Effects of different levels of crude protein and protease on nitrogen utilization, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance in growing pigs김곡미, 김현범, 안지선, 오한진, 이지환, Jin Ho Cho, Jun Soeng Lee, Min Ho Song, Tae Heon Kim, Won Yun, Yong Ju Kim한국축산학회 · 한국축산학회지2020 · 제62권 제5호Effect of reducing dietary crude protein level on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, and odor emissions in growing-finishing pigs김유용, jinxinghao, NIYONSABA AARON아세아·태평양축산학회 · Animal Bioscience2023 · 제36권 제10호Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein on growth performance, blood profiles, diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, and odor emission in weaning pigs김유용, 김홍준, Shin Hae Won아세아·태평양축산학회 · Animal Bioscience2023 · 제36권 제8호Effect of insect protein and protease on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal microflora and gas emission in growing pig고영빈, 송동철, 오한진, 조현아, Byong Kon Lee, Hae Ryoung Park, Jae Woo An, Ji Hwan Lee, Jin Ho Cho, Ji Yeon Chun, Se Yeon Chang, Yong Ju Kim한국축산학회 · 한국축산학회지2022 · 제64권 제6호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (15건)