복막 투석 중인 신증후군 환자의 복막을 통한 단백 소실
Peritoneal Protein Loss in Nephrotic Syndrome on Peritoneal Dialysis
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목 적 : 신증후군에서 사구체 단백 투과성이 증가하는 것은 전신적인 순환 인자와 관련되어 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 전신적인 순환 인자의 사구체 외 기관에서의 영향과 관련하여, 본 연구에서는 복막 투석 중인 steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) 환자에서의 복막투석을 통한 단백 소실 정도를 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년부터 2009년까지 복막 투석 중인 신증후군 환자 12명(SRNS)과 대조군 14명을 대상으로 후향적 환자-대조군 연구를 시행하였다. 성별, 투석 시작 시 연령, 체중, 신장, 투석 방법, 투석양, 투석 시작 시 검사 소견(혈액 요소 질소, 혈청 크레아티닌, 혈청 단백, 혈청 알부민, 24시간 투석액 부피, 24시간 투석액 단백, Kt/V)과 1년 뒤 투석 시 검사 소견(24시간 투석액 단백)을 조사하였다. 단백질 섭취 정도를 평가하기 위해 nPNA (normalized protein equvalent of total nitrogen appearance)를 측정하였다. 결 과 : SRNS군과 대조군은 nPNA를 비롯한 다른 지표에 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으나, SRNS 군에서 혈청 알부민이 3.7± 0.3 g/dL로 대조군(4.0± 0.4 g/dL, P=0.021)보다 낮았다. 복막액을 통한 단백 소실량은 SRNS군에서 대조군보다 통계학적으로 의미 있게 높았으며(3,044.4± 837.6 mg/m2/day vs. 1,791.6± 1,244.0 mg/m2/day, P=0.007), 혈장 단백에 대한 복막의 투과성은 SRNS군에서 대조군보다 2배 가량 높았다(1.06± 0.46% vs. 0.58± 0.43%, P=0.010). SRNS군과 대조군 모두 초기와 1년 뒤 복막 단백 소실량이 증가하였으나 대조군에서 더 큰 차이를 보였으며 복막 단백 소실량의 시간 경과에 따른 변화는 두 군(SRNS군 vs. 대조군)간에 의미있게 차이가 있었다(P=0.023). 결 론 : 신증후군을 앓고 있는 소아 환자에서 복막 투석을 시행할 때는 이들의 영양상태, 성장 및 발달에 평가가 보다 적극적으로 이루어져야 하고, 복막을 통한 단백 소실을 모니터링하여 이를 보충하려는 노력 또한 필요하리라 생각된다.
Abstract
Purpose : The pathophysiologic mechanism of nephrotic syndrome is not yet known clearly. At least in some cases, certain 'circulating factors' are thought to increase the glomerular protein permeability. Considering the systemic effect of the circulating factor on peritoneal membrane, we evaluated the loss of protein through peritoneal membrane in patients on peritoneal dialysis due to the end stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 pediatric patients on peritoneal dialysis ensued during the period from 2001 to 2007 at our clinic. Twelve patients had SRNS, while 14 patients had ESRD caused by the congenital anomalies of urinary system. Results : While the other parameters including nPNA indicating the adequacy of protein intake were similar between the two groups, serum albumin was lower in SRNS patients than the non- SRNS patients (3.7± 0.3 g/dL vs. 4.0± 0.4 g/dL, P=0.021). Peritoneal protein loss was higher in SRNS patients than in non-SRNS patients (3,044.4± 837.6 mg/m2/day vs. 1,791.6± 1,244.0 mg/m2/ day, P=0.007). The protein permeability of the peritoneal membrane measured by the ratio of total protein concentration in dialysate to plasma was twice as high in SRNS patients as the non-SRNS (1.06± 0.46% vs. 0.58± 0.43%, P=0.010). After 1 year, peritoneal protein loss increased in both patient groups, but to a significantly greater degree in non-SRNS patient (P=0.023). Conclusion : The results of our study support the notion that in nephrotic syndrome there are some 'circulating factors' with the systemic effect. Since the greater protein loss through peritoneal membrane in SRNS was confirmed in this study, more meticulous nutritional support and close monitoring on the nutrition are required in these patients.
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