Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury: Focusing on Diagnosis and Management
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children, and is associated with increased mortality and long-term renal sequelae. The definition of pediatric AKI was standardized based on elevation in serum creatinine levels or decrease in urine output; accordingly, epidemiological studies have ensued. Although new biomarkers appear to detect AKI earlier and predict prognosis more accurately than traditional markers, they are not frequently used in clinical setting. There is no validated pharmacological intervention for AKI, so prevention and early detection are the mainstays of treatment. For high risk or early stage AKI patients, optimization of volume status and blood pressure, avoidance of nephrotoxins, and sufficient nutritional support are necessary, and have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing the occurrence of AKI and improving prognosis. Nevertheless, renal replacement therapy is needed when conservative care fails.
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children, and is associated with increased mortality and long-term renal sequelae. The definition of pediatric AKI was standardized based on elevation in serum creatinine levels or decrease in urine output; accordingly, epidemiological studies have ensued. Although new biomarkers appear to detect AKI earlier and predict prognosis more accurately than traditional markers, they are not frequently used in clinical setting. There is no validated pharmacological intervention for AKI, so prevention and early detection are the mainstays of treatment. For high risk or early stage AKI patients, optimization of volume status and blood pressure, avoidance of nephrotoxins, and sufficient nutritional support are necessary, and have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing the occurrence of AKI and improving prognosis. Nevertheless, renal replacement therapy is needed when conservative care fails.
참고문헌 (71)
- Kaddourah A, "Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children and Young Adults", N Engl J Med, 376, pp.11~20 (2017)
- Madsen NL, "Cardiac surgery in patients with congenital heart disease is associated with acute kidney injury and the risk of chronic kidney disease", Kidney Int, 92, pp.751~756 (2017)
- Benisty K, "Kidney and blood pressure abnormalities 6 years after acute kidney injury in critically ill children : a prospective cohort study", Pediatr Res (2020)
- Kellum JA, "Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1)", Crit Care, 17, pp.204~ (2013)
- Zappitelli M, "Ascertainment and epidemiology of acute kidney injury varies with definition interpretation", Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, pp.948~954 (2008)
- Charlton JR, "Incidence and Risk Factors of Early Onset Neonatal AKI", Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, pp.184~195 (2019)
- Jetton JG, "Incidence and outcomes of neonatal acute kidney injury (AWAKEN): a multicentre, multinational, observational cohort study", Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 1, pp.184~194 (2017)
- Siegel SR, "Renal function as a marker of human fetal maturation", Acta Paediatr Scand, 65, pp.481~485 (1976)
- Jetton JG, "Update on acute kidney injury in the neonate", Curr Opin Pediatr, 24, pp.191~196 (2012)
- Bennett MR, "Pediatric reference ranges for acute kidney injury biomarkers", Pediatr Nephrol, 30, pp.677~685 (2015)
- Devarajan P, "Biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury", Curr Opin Pediatr, 23, pp.194~200 (2011)
- Beker BM, "Novel acute kidney injury biomarkers: their characteristics, utility and concerns", Int Urol Nephrol, 50, pp.705~713 (2018)
- Grubb A, "Simple cystatin C-based prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate compared with the modification of diet in renal disease prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan-Barratt prediction equations for children", Clin Chem, 51, pp.1420~1431 (2005)
- Hassinger AB, "Predictive power of serum cystatin C to detect acute kidney injury and pediatric-modified RIFLE class in children undergoing cardiac surgery", Pediatr Crit Care Med, 13, pp.435~440 (2012)
- Lau L, "Serum cystatin C for acute kidney injury evaluation in children treated with aminoglycosides", Pediatr Nephrol, 32, pp.163~171 (2017)
- El-Gammacy TM, "Serum cystatin C as an early predictor of acute kidney injury in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome", Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 78, pp.352~357 (2018)
- Benzer M, "Serum NGAL, cystatin C and urinary NAG measurements for early diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy in children", Ren Fail, 38, pp.27~34 (2016)
- 조명현, "Acute kidney injury and continuous renal replacement therapy in children; what pediatricians need to know", Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, 61(11), pp.339~347 (2018), 대한소아청소년과학회
- Krawczeski CD, "Temporal relationship and predictive value of urinary acute kidney injury biomarkers after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass", J Am Coll Cardiol, 58, pp.2301~2309 (2011)
- Yoneyama F, "Novel Urinary Biomarkers for Acute Kidney Injury and Prediction of Clinical Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery", Pediatr Cardiol (2019)
- Bennett M, "Urine NGAL predicts severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery : a prospective study", Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, pp.665~673 (2008)
- Roy JP, "Acute Kidney Injury : Diagnosis and Management", Indian J Pediatr (2019)
- Hall PS, "The future for diagnostic tests of acute kidney injury in critical care: evidence synthesis, care pathway analysis and research prioritisation", Health Technol Assess, 22, pp.1~274 (2018)
- Westhoff JH, "Urinary Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2)* Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 7(IGFBP7)Predicts Adverse Outcome in Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury", PLoS One, 10, pp.e0143628~ (2015)
- Chen J, "The effectiveness of urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in predicting acute kidney injury in critically ill neonates", Pediatr Res (2019)
- Selewski DT, "Validation of the KDIGO acute kidney injury criteria in a pediatric critical care population", Intensive Care Med, 40, pp.1481~1488 (2014)
- Alkandari O, "Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for pediatric intensive care unit mortality, longer length of stay and prolonged mechanical ventilation in critically ill children : a twocenter retrospective cohort study", Crit Care, 15, pp.R146~ (2011)
- Askenazi DJ, "3-5year longitudinal follow-up of pediatric patients after acute renal failure", Kidney Int, 69, pp.184~189 (2006)
- Mammen C, "Long-term risk of CKD in children surviving episodes of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit : a prospective cohort study", Am J Kidney Dis, 59, pp.523~530 (2012)
- Menon S, "Acute kidney injury associated with high nephrotoxic medication exposure leads to chronic kidney disease after 6 months", J Pediatr, 165, pp.522~527.e2 (2014)
- Polito C, "Long-term prognosis of acute renal failure in the full-term neonate", Clin Pediatr(Phila), 37, pp.381~385 (1998)
- Basu RK, "Derivation and validation of the renal angina index to improve the prediction of acute kidney injury in critically ill children", Kidney Int, 85, pp.659~667 (2014)
- Kumar Sethi S, "Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury : A Survey of Perceptions and Management Strategies Amongst Pediatricians and Neonatologists", Front Pediatr, 7, pp.553~ (2019)
- Sutherland SM, "Utilizing electronic health records to predict acute kidney injury risk and outcomes : workgroup statements from the 15(th)ADQI Consensus Conference", Can J Kidney Health Dis, 3, pp.11~ (2016)
- Park S, "Impact of Electronic Acute Kidney Injury(AKI)Alerts With Automated Nephrologist Consultation on Detection and Severity of AKI : A Quality Improvement Study", Am J Kidney Dis, 71, pp.9~19 (2018)
- Goldstein SL, "Electronic health record identification of nephrotoxin exposure and associated acute kidney injury", Pediatrics, 132, pp.e756~67 (2013)
- Chen H, "Novel Therapies for Acute Kidney Injury", Kidney Int Rep, 2, pp.785~799 (2017)
- Devarajan P, "Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics", pp.2769~2774 (2019), Elsevier
- Claure-Del Granado R, "Fluid overload in the ICU : evaluation and management", BMC Nephrol, 17, pp.109~ (2016)
- Wang N, "Fluid balance and mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury : a multicenter prospective epidemiological study", Crit Care, 19, pp.371~ (2015)
- Sutherland SM, "Fluid overload and mortality in children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy : the prospective pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy registry", Am J Kidney Dis, 55, pp.316~325 (2010)
- Selewski DT, "The role of fluid overload in the prediction of outcome in acute kidney injury", Pediatr Nephrol, 33, pp.13~24 (2018)
- Moore PK, "Management of Acute Kidney Injury : Core Curriculum 2018", Am J Kidney Dis, 72, pp.136~148 (2018)
- Oh HW, "The effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130", 0.4) on acute kidney injury in paediatric cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomised trial, 2018, pp.73, 205~215
- Krajewski ML, "Meta-analysis of high-versus low-chloride content in perioperative and critical care fluid resuscitation", Br J Surg, 102, pp.24~36 (2015)
- Hoorn EJ, "Intravenous fluids : balancing solutions", J Nephrol, 30, pp.485~492 (2017)
- Langer T, "Intravenous balanced solutions : from physiology to clinical evidence", Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther (2015)
- Chowdhury AH, "A randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusions of 0.9% saline and plasma-lyte(R) 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers", Ann Surg, 256, pp.18~24 (2012)
- Friederich A, "Normal Saline Solution and Lactated Ringer's Solution Have a Similar Effect on Quality of Recovery : A Randomized Controlled Trial", Ann Emerg Med, 73, pp.160~169 (2019)
- Semler MW, "Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults", N Engl J Med, 378, pp.829~839 (2018)
- Self WH, "Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Noncritically Ill Adults", N Engl J Med, 378, pp.819~828 (2018)
- Joannidis M, "Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit: update 2017 : Expert opinion of the Working Group on Prevention, AKI section", Intensive Care Me, 43, pp.730~749 (2017), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
- Hui-Stickle S, "Pediatric ARF epidemiology at a tertiary care center from 1999 to 2001", Am J Kidney Dis, 45, pp.96~101 (2005)
- Cantais A, "Incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in a pediatric setting : a cohort study", Pediatr Nephrol, 31, pp.1355~1362 (2016)
- Luk L, "Intravenous Contrast-Induced Nephropathy-The Rise and Fall of a Threatening Idea", Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 24, pp.169~175 (2017)
- Sethi SK, "Nutritional management in the critically ill child with acute kidney injury : a review", Pediatr Nephrol, 32, pp.589~601 (2017)
- Gordillo R, "Hyperglycemia and acute kidney injury in critically ill children", Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis, 9, pp.201~204 (2016)
- Weisbord SD, "Outcomes after Angiography with Sodium Bicarbonate and Acetylcysteine", N Engl J Med, 378, pp.603~614 (2018)
- "Acetylcysteine for prevention of renal outcomes in patients undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular angiography: main results from the randomized Acetylcysteine for Contrast-induced nephropathy Trial (ACT)", Circulation, 124, pp.1250~1259 (2011)
- Bagshaw SM, "Loop diuretics in the management of acute renal failure : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Crit Care Resusc, 9, pp.60~68 (2007)
- Karthik S, "Low-dose dopamine in the intensive care unit", Semin Dial, 19, pp.465~471 (2006)
- Bove T, "Effect of fenoldopam on use of renal replacement therapy among patients with acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery : a randomized clinical trial", Jama, 312, pp.2244~2253 (2014)
- Billings FTt, "High-Dose Perioperative Atorvastatin and Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial", Jama, 315, pp.877~888 (2016)
- Sethi SK, "Unique considerations in renal replacement therapy in children : core curriculum 2014", Am J Kidney Dis, 63, pp.329~345 (2014)
- Pasin L, "Early initiation of renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients : a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials", BMC Anesthesiol, 19, pp.62~ (2019)
- Sanchez-de-Toledo J, "Early Initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Pediatric Heart Surgery Is Associated with Lower Mortality", Pediatr Cardiol, 37, pp.623~628 (2016)
- Kwiatkowski DM, "Acute kidney injury in pediatric patients", Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 31, pp.427~439 (2017)
- Nash DM, "Systematic review and meta-analysis of renal replacement therapy modalities for acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit", J Crit Care, 41, pp.138~144 (2017)
- de Galasso L, "Dialysis modalities for the management of pediatric acute kidney injury", Pediatr Nephrol (2019)
- Ronco C, "CA.R.PE.DI.E.M. (Cardio-Renal Pediatric Dialysis Emergency Machine): evolution of continuous renal replacement therapies in infants. A personal journey", Pediatr Nephrol, 27, pp.1203~1211 (2012)
- Coulthard MG, "Haemodialysing babies weighing <8 kg with the Newcastle infant dialysis and ultrafiltration system(Nidus) : comparison with peritoneal and conventional haemodialysis", Pediatr Nephrol, 29, pp.1873~1881 (2014)
