12주간 유산소 운동이 노인의 체력과 우울증 및 인지기능에 미치는 영향
Effect of a 12 Week-Aerobic Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Depression, and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
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본 연구의 목적은 노인을 대상으로 12주간 유산소 운동이 노인의 체력과 우울증 및 인지기능에 미치는 효과를 검정하는 것으로 하였다. 참여자는 S시에 거주하고 자발적으로 참여를 원했던 노인 31명으로 구성하고, 운동집단(n=20)과 통제집단(n=11)으로 세분화했다. 운동프로그램은 음악에 맞추어 율동위주의 유산소운동을 12주간 주 3회, 중강도로 실시하였다. 신체구성, 일상생활체력, 혈중 세로토닌, 우울척도(short-form geriatric depression scale), 인지기능(Korean version of mini-mental state examination for dementia screening)을 측정변인으로 하고 중재 사전 및 사후에 측정하였다. 또한 여자 4명이 프로그램 도중에 개인적인 이유로 중도 탈락함으로써 최종적으로는 운동집단 18명, 통제집단 9명의 자료에 대해서만 통계분석이 이루어졌다. SPSS-PC(version 18.0) 통계패키지를 이용하여 α=.05 수준에서 일원공변량분석과 피어슨 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 운동중재 유무에 따른 일상생활체력의 변화는 하체근력(p<0.001), 상체근력(p<0.001), 심폐지구력(p=0.005), 하체유연성(p=0.029), 우울척도(p<0.001), 혈중 serotonin(p=0.007), 인지기능척도(p=0.038)의 변화 값에서 집단 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일상생활체력변화와 우울척도 및 인지기능변화 간에는 유의한 양적상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 음악의 리듬에 맞춘 율동 위주의 유산소 운동은 노인의 일상생활체력증진과 우울증 및 인지기능 개선에 긍정적인 영향을 유도하는 안전하고 효과적인 중재 수단으로 이용될 수 있다는 사실을 의미하는 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on physical fitness, depression, and cognitive function in elderly persons. A total of 31 elderly persons were voluntarily recruited, and were assigned to either exercise (n=20) or control group (n=11). The exercise group underwent a 12-week aerobic exercise program with a frequency of 3 days per week, while the control group maintained their sedentary lifestyles during the same period. Four (4 women) out of the initial 31 participants dropped out due to personal reasons. Data collected from the remaining 27 elderly persons were used in the final analyses. The dependent variables, including body composition, functional physical fitness parameter (i.e. Senior Fitness Test), serum serotonin, depression (i.e. S-GDS: short-form geriatric depression scale), and cognitive function (i.e. MMSE-DS: Korean version of mini-mental state examination for dementia screening) were measured at baseline, and following the intervention. For statistical analyses, pre-to-post-intervention changed scores (delta scores) were calculated for the measured variables. One-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to test significant group differences for each delta score in the measured variables at p=0.05. There were significant group differences for changed scores in physical fitness parameters, serum serotonin, depression, and cognitive function scales. Compared to the control group, the exercise group had significant improvements in upper-, lower-body strength, endurance, and lower-body flexibility and decreased serum serotonin by 12 weeks of exercise intervention. In addition, the exercise group had significantly improved depression and cognitive function scales of S-GDS and MMSE-DS, as compared with control group. Pearson correlation analyses showed changed functional physical fitness were significantly and positively associated with changed depression and cognitive function scales. In summary, the current findings of the study suggest that participating in a 12-week aerobic exercise provides a safe and effective means against aging-related functional deficits, such as physical fitness, depression, and cognitive function in elderly persons.
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