Resistance Training does not Mitigate Cardiovascular Reactivity to Sympathoexcitation in Young Adults
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
PURPOSE: Increased cardiovascular reactivity to stressors is one of the important risk factors of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. While the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise training on modulating cardiovascular reactivity have been consistently demonstrated, it remains unclear whether resistance training may also provide similar benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on cardiovascular reactivity in young adults. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy subjects (age 23.7±1.8 years) were randomly assigned to either the resistance training (n=13) or the control group (n=13). The resistance training group only underwent a resistance training program (2 sets of 9 exercises targeting all major muscle groups) 2 days per week for 8 weeks. All exercises were performed at 40-50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) for 15-25 repetitions in the first 4 weeks (Week 1-4), and the exercise intensity increased to 60-70% of 1RM for 10-15 repetitions in the final 4 weeks (Week 5-8). The following outcomes, as indices of cardiovascular reactivity, were measured during 2-min cold pressor testing (ice water at 4°C) before and after training: heart rate, brachial and central blood pressures, rate pressure product, and augmentation index. RESULTS: The 8 weeks of resistance training did not change any of the indices of cardiovascular reactivity (p>0.05) but did significantly increased muscular strength (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training may not have a mitigating effect on cardiovascular reactivity to sympathetic activation in healthy young adults.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Increased cardiovascular reactivity to stressors is one of the important risk factors of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. While the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise training on modulating cardiovascular reactivity have been consistently demonstrated, it remains unclear whether resistance training may also provide similar benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on cardiovascular reactivity in young adults. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy subjects (age 23.7±1.8 years) were randomly assigned to either the resistance training (n=13) or the control group (n=13). The resistance training group only underwent a resistance training program (2 sets of 9 exercises targeting all major muscle groups) 2 days per week for 8 weeks. All exercises were performed at 40-50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) for 15-25 repetitions in the first 4 weeks (Week 1-4), and the exercise intensity increased to 60-70% of 1RM for 10-15 repetitions in the final 4 weeks (Week 5-8). The following outcomes, as indices of cardiovascular reactivity, were measured during 2-min cold pressor testing (ice water at 4°C) before and after training: heart rate, brachial and central blood pressures, rate pressure product, and augmentation index. RESULTS: The 8 weeks of resistance training did not change any of the indices of cardiovascular reactivity (p>0.05) but did significantly increased muscular strength (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training may not have a mitigating effect on cardiovascular reactivity to sympathetic activation in healthy young adults.
참고문헌 (32)
- Zhao Q, "Blood pressure reactivity to the cold pressor test predicts hypertension among chinese adults : The GenSalt Study", Am J Hypertens, 28(11), pp.1347~1354 (2015)
- Yang H, "Total sleep deprivation alters cardiovascular reactivity to acute stressors in human", J Appl Physiol, 113(6), pp.903~908 (2012)
- Matthews KA, "Cardiovascular reactivity to stress predicts future blood pressure status", Hypertension, 22(4), pp.479~485 (1993)
- Silverthorn DU, "Cold stress and the cold pressor test", Adv Physiol Educ, 37, pp.93~96 (2013)
- Zhao Q, "Reproducibility of blood pressure response to the cold pressor test : The GenSalt Study", Am J Epidemiol, 176(7), pp.91~98 (2012)
- Hamer M, "The effect of acute aerobic exercise on stress related blood pressure responses : A systematic review and metaanalysis", Biol Psychol, 71, pp.183~190 (2006)
- Spalding TW, "Aerobic exercise training and cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in sedentary young normotensive men and woman", Psychophysiology, 41(4), pp.552~562 (2004)
- Brownley KA, "Sympathoadrenergic mechanisms in reduced hemodynamic stress responses after exercise", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35(6), pp.978~986 (2003)
- Leosco D, "Effects of exercise training on cardiovascular adrenergic system", Front Physiol, 4, pp.348~ (2013)
- Cornelissen VA, "Impact of resistance training on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors : A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials", Hypertension, 58(5), pp.950~958 (2011)
- Fiqueroa A, "Resistance exercise training improves heart rate variability in woman with fibromyalgia", Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 28(1), pp.49~54 (2008)
- Ricci-Victor AL, "Influence of the resistance training on heart rate vairability, functional capacity and muscle strength in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 49(6), pp.793~801 (2013)
- Kraemer WJ, "Effects of heavy-resistance training on hormonal response patterns in younger vs. older men", J Appl Physiol, 87(3), pp.982~992 (1999)
- Darr KC, "Effects of age and training status on heart rate recovery after peak exercise", Am J Physiol, 254(2), pp.H340~H343 (1988)
- 윤은선, "일시적 저항성 운동이 냉압박 검사에 대한 심혈관 재반응 완화에 미치는 영향", 대한스포츠의학회지, 34(1), pp.65~71 (2016), 대한스포츠의학회[DOI]
- Agabiti-Rosei E, "Central blood pressure measurements and antihypertensive therapy : A consensus document", Hypertension, 50(1), pp.154~160 (2007)
- Nürnberger J, "Augmentation index is associated with cardiovascular risk", J Hypertens, 20(12), pp.2407~2414 (2002)
- Casey DP, "Changes in central artery blood pressure and wave reflection during a cold pressor test in young adults", Eur J Appl Physiol, 103(5), pp.539~543 (2008)
- Weber T, "Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and the risk of coronary artery disease", Circulation, 109(2), pp.184~189 (2004)
- Roman MJ, "Central pressure more strongly relates to vascular disease and outcome than does brachial pressure", Hypertension, 50(1), pp.197~203 (2007)
- Adamopoulos D, "Intensified large artery and microvascular response to cold adrenergic stimulation in african blacks", Am J Hypertens, 22(9), pp.958~963 (2009)
- American College of Sports Medicine, "ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription", pp.2014, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Braith RW, "Effect of training on the relationship between maximal and submaximal strength", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 25(1), pp.132~138 (1993)
- Abdul-Hameed U, "Reliability of 1-repetition maximum estimation for upper and lower body muscular strength measurement in untrained middle aged type 2 diabetic patients", Asian J Sports Med, 3(4), pp.267~273 (2012)
- O’Connor B, "Weight training today" (1989), West Publisher
- Smith DL, "Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology" (2011), Human Kinetics Publishers Inc
- Verma AK, "Rate pressure product and the components of heart rate and systolic blood pressure in hospitalized heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction : Insights from ASCEND-HF", Clin Cardiol, 41(7), pp.945~952 (2018)
- Crews DJ, "A meta-analytic review of aerobic fitness and reactivity to psychosocial stressors", Med Sci Sports Exerc, 19(5), pp.114~120 (1987)
- Ebbesen BL, "Effects of acute exercise on cardiovascular reactivity", J Behav Med, 15(5), pp.489~507 (1992)
- Sloan RP, "Impact of aerobic training on cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from challenge", Psychosom Med, 73(2), pp.134~141 (2011)
- Sothmann MS, "Exercise training and the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis", Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 24, pp.267~287 (1996)
- Verma A, "Cardiovascular reactivity to stressors in Indian young adults with normotensive parents", J Clin Diagn Res, 7(10), pp.2130~2132 (2013)