자몽종자추출물, 구연산, 사과산 그리고 염화벤잘코늄을 주성분으로 하는 스프레이형 소독제의 조류인플루엔자바이러스에 대한 살바이러스 효과
Virucidal Efficacy against Avian Influenza Virus of a Disinfectant Spray Containing Grapefruit Seed Extracts, Citric Acid, Malic Acid and Benzalkonium Chloride
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives: This study evaluated the virucidal efficacy against avian influenza virus (AIV) of a disinfectantspray containing 0.25% grapefruit seed extract, 0.2% citric acid, 0.0625% malic acid and 0.0125% benzalkoniumchloride. Methods: The disinfectant spray was diluted several times with hard water (HW) and organic matter (OM). Twopoint five mL of each diluent was added into each test tube, and 2.5 mL of AIV suspension was inserted intoeach test tube. After 30 minutes of virus-disinfectant contact reaction at 4oC, 2.5 mL of 10% inactivated fetalbovine serum was added into each test tube to neutralize the sanitizer efficacy. The neutralized solutions wereserial 10-fold dilutions with phosphate buffer solution, and 0.2 mL of the diluents was injected into the allantoiccavity of five ten-day-old-chickens per dilution time. After incubation of the embryos for five days, the viabilityof the AIV was examined by hemagglutination titer. The valid dilution of the disinfectant spray was estimatedaccording to the dilution time that the virus titer was inactivated more than 104 50% egg-infective dose (EID50)/mL compared with pathogen control. Results: In HW and OM conditions, the valid dilutions of the disinfectant spray against AIV were seven- and three-fold dilutions, respectively. The AIV titer of the pathogen control was more than 6.1 log10EID50/mL, and there was no embryonic toxicity. Conclusion: The present study showed that this disinfectant spray has effective virucidal activity against AIV.
Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluated the virucidal efficacy against avian influenza virus (AIV) of a disinfectantspray containing 0.25% grapefruit seed extract, 0.2% citric acid, 0.0625% malic acid and 0.0125% benzalkoniumchloride. Methods: The disinfectant spray was diluted several times with hard water (HW) and organic matter (OM). Twopoint five mL of each diluent was added into each test tube, and 2.5 mL of AIV suspension was inserted intoeach test tube. After 30 minutes of virus-disinfectant contact reaction at 4oC, 2.5 mL of 10% inactivated fetalbovine serum was added into each test tube to neutralize the sanitizer efficacy. The neutralized solutions wereserial 10-fold dilutions with phosphate buffer solution, and 0.2 mL of the diluents was injected into the allantoiccavity of five ten-day-old-chickens per dilution time. After incubation of the embryos for five days, the viabilityof the AIV was examined by hemagglutination titer. The valid dilution of the disinfectant spray was estimatedaccording to the dilution time that the virus titer was inactivated more than 104 50% egg-infective dose (EID50)/mL compared with pathogen control. Results: In HW and OM conditions, the valid dilutions of the disinfectant spray against AIV were seven- and three-fold dilutions, respectively. The AIV titer of the pathogen control was more than 6.1 log10EID50/mL, and there was no embryonic toxicity. Conclusion: The present study showed that this disinfectant spray has effective virucidal activity against AIV.
참고문헌 (28)
- Kim YT., "Current situation and elimination plan of influenza", J Korean Med Assoc, 47, pp.1116~1128 (2004)
- "Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2016"[URL]
- Si Y, "Environmental factors influencing the spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in wild birds in Europe", Ecol Soc, 15, pp.26~ (2010)
- "Outbreak of legal communicable diseases: High pathogenic avian influenza"[URL]
- Estimation of the economic loss by outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, "Woo BJ", Korea Rural Economic Institute, 5~14 (2008)
- Swayne DE, "Diseases of poultry", pp.135~160 (2003), Blackwell Science
- Fouchier RAM, "Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls", J Virol, 79, pp.2814~2822 (2005)
- Hitchner SB, "Isolation and identification of avian pathogens", pp.140~145 (1997), College Station: American Association of Avian Pathologists
- Peiris JSM, "Avian influenza virus (H5N1): a threat to human health", Clin Micorbiol Rev, 20, pp.243~267 (2007)
- 차춘남, "Antiviral Efficacy of Citra-kill®, Disinfectant Solution Against Avian Influenza Virus", 한국식품위생안전성학회지, 27(1), pp.18~23 (2012), 한국식품위생안전성학회
- Frier M., "Inhibition and destruction of the microbial cell", pp.107~120 (1971), Academic Press
- Sadakane K, "Effect of the hand antiseptic agents benzalkonium chloride, povidone-iodine, ethanol, and chlorhexidine gluconate on atopic dermatitis in NC", Nga mice, 2015, pp.12, 116~125
- Hohtola A., "Bioactive compounds from northern plants", Adv Exp Med Biol, 698, pp.99~109 (2010)
- Brandin H, "Adverse effects by artificial grapefruit seed extract products in patients on warfarin therapy", Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 63, pp.565~570 (2007)
- Shin WJ, "Evaluation of the antiviral activity of a green tea solution as a hand-wash disinfectant", Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 76, pp.581~584 (2012)
- Suarez DL, "The effect of various disinfectants on detection of avian influenza virus by real time RT-PCR", Avian Dis, 47(3 Suppl), pp.1091~1095 (2003)
- Hirneisen KA, "Viral inactivation in foods : A review of traditional and novel food-processing technologies", Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 9, pp.3~20 (2010)
- Maris P., "Modes of action of disinfectants", Rev Sci. Tech Off Int Epiz, 14, pp.47~55 (1995)
- Turner RB, "Efficacy of organic acids in hand cleansers for prevention of rhinovirus infections", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 48, pp.2595~2598 (2004)
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, "The guideline of the efficacy test for disinfectants. APFQIA Regulation No. 2013-34", APFQIA, ~ (2013)
- Kärber G., "Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihenversuche", Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol, 162, pp.480~487 (1931)
- McDonnell G, "Antiseptics and disinfectants:activity, action, and resistance", Clin Microbiol Rev, 12, pp.147~179 (1999)
- 장양호, "Time dependent efficacy change after dilution of the disinfectants against avian influenza virus", 예방수의학회지, 39(2), pp.44~47 (2015), 한국예방수의학회[DOI]
- Yilmaz A, "Evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of two chemical disinfectants against avian influenza virus A at different temperatures", Arch Geflügelk, 68, pp.50~56 (2004)
- Heggers JP, "The effectiveness of processed grapefruit-seed extract as an antibacterial agent: II. Mechanism of action and in vitro toxicity", J Altern Complement Med, 8, pp.333~340 (2002)
- "Citric acid"[URL]
- Fiume Z., "Final report on the safety assessment of malic acid and sodium malate", Int J Toxicol, 1(20 Suppl), pp.47~55 (2001)
- "The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit, Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products"[URL]