국내 실외공기의 곰팡이 분포 및 노출에 따른 염증영향평가
Evaluation of Distribution and Inflammatory Effects of Airborne Fungus in Korea
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objectives: For the risk management of airborne fungal diseases, our aim was to evaluate airborne fungi and study the toxicity associated with fungal allergic diseases using fungal species native to Korea. Methods: Fungi were isolated from outdoor air samples collected from Seoul, Incheon, Cheonan, Gwangju, Ulsan, Busan, and Jeju and tested for their cytotoxicity potential and their ability to induce proliferation and secretion of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in human mast cells (HMC-1). Results: More than 18 species of fungi were collected from outdoor air in Korea over one year, and the strains were identified and systematically analyzed. The results showed that the Cladosporium (59%) and Alternaria (22%) strains are the most common in outdoor air. Three of the collected strains (Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Penicillium) showed mild toxicity in cells involved in allergic inflammation, and twelve induced cell proliferation in HMC-1 cells. More importantly, many strains (Edgeworthia, Trametes, Emmia, Irpex, Talaromyces, Penicillium, Periconia, Epicocum, Bipolaris) induced the MDC protein in activated HMC-1 cells. Conclusion: Nineteen percent of the tested strains caused cytotoxicity in mast cell lines, whereas, most of the non-toxic strains contributed to cell activity. Among the tested strains, more than 80% increased the expression of MDC protein, which contributes to the severity of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis. It is, in fact, one of the markers for these conditions. Therefore, airborne fungus could be considered as an important marker for environmental risk management for allergic diseases in Korea.
Abstract
Objectives: For the risk management of airborne fungal diseases, our aim was to evaluate airborne fungi and study the toxicity associated with fungal allergic diseases using fungal species native to Korea. Methods: Fungi were isolated from outdoor air samples collected from Seoul, Incheon, Cheonan, Gwangju, Ulsan, Busan, and Jeju and tested for their cytotoxicity potential and their ability to induce proliferation and secretion of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in human mast cells (HMC-1). Results: More than 18 species of fungi were collected from outdoor air in Korea over one year, and the strains were identified and systematically analyzed. The results showed that the Cladosporium (59%) and Alternaria (22%) strains are the most common in outdoor air. Three of the collected strains (Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Penicillium) showed mild toxicity in cells involved in allergic inflammation, and twelve induced cell proliferation in HMC-1 cells. More importantly, many strains (Edgeworthia, Trametes, Emmia, Irpex, Talaromyces, Penicillium, Periconia, Epicocum, Bipolaris) induced the MDC protein in activated HMC-1 cells. Conclusion: Nineteen percent of the tested strains caused cytotoxicity in mast cell lines, whereas, most of the non-toxic strains contributed to cell activity. Among the tested strains, more than 80% increased the expression of MDC protein, which contributes to the severity of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis. It is, in fact, one of the markers for these conditions. Therefore, airborne fungus could be considered as an important marker for environmental risk management for allergic diseases in Korea.
참고문헌 (20)
- Kim CH, "Distribution of fungus spores in the air of outdoor and indoor environment from September to November 1999 in Seoul", Korea J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol, 21, pp.970~976 (2001)
- 방종일, "외기 중 미세먼지의 공동주택 실내 유입에 관한 연구", 대한건축학회논문집 구조계, 34(1), pp.61~68 (2018), 대한건축학회[DOI]
- Park HJ, "A survey of airborne fungal spores in Seoul, Korea", Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol, 15, pp.216~222 (1995)
- Lee PH, "Analysis of Medical Trends of ‘Environmental Diseases’ in the Recent 5 Years", HIRA Policy Trends, 10(1), pp.59~65 (2016)
- Park HS, "Mold counts in outdoor and indoor environment", Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol, 21, pp.916~917 (2001)
- 송주희, "서울시 일부 종합병원의 공기 중 미생물 농도 분포", 한국환경보건학회지, 33(2), pp.104~114 (2007), 한국환경보건학회
- 황문영, "환경오염물질 노출수준의 계절적 변이와 그 함의 - 제2기 국민환경보건기초조사(2012-2014)", 한국환경보건학회지, 44(6), pp.572~580 (2018), 한국환경보건학회
- Eder W, "The Asthma Epidemic", N Engl J Med, 355, pp.2226~2235 (2006)
- Herr CE, "Exposure to air pollution in critical prenatal time windows and IgE levels in newborns", Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 22, pp.75~84 (2011)
- Kim BJ, "Association of ozone exposure with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 107, pp.214~219 (2011)
- O’Halloren MT, "Exposure to an aeroallergen as a possible precipitating factor in respiratory arrest in young patients with asthma", NEngl J Med, 325, pp.206~208 (1991)
- Targonshi PV, "Effect ofenvironmental moulds on risk of death from asthma during the pollen seasin", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 95, pp.955~961 (1995)
- Wayne P, "Production of allergenic pollen by ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is increased in CO2-enriched atmospheres", Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 88, pp.279~282 (2002)
- Pulimood TB, "Epidemic asthma and the role of the fungal mold Alternaria alternata", J Allergy Clin Immunol, 120, pp.610~617 (2007)
- Park HS, "Mold counts in outdoor and indoor environment", Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol, 21, pp.916~917 (2001)
- 변정혜, "Association Between Sensitization to Mold and Impaired Pulmonary Function in Children With Asthma", Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 9(6), pp.509~516 (2017), 대한천식알레르기학회
- Solomon WR, "Aerobiology and inhalant allergens", pp.367~403 (1998), Allergy
- O’Halloren MT, "Exposure to an aeroallergen as a possible precipitating factor in respiratory arrest in young patients with asthma", N Engl J Med, 325, pp.206~208 (1991)
- Cho SY, "Profiles of Environmental Mold:Indoor and Outdoor Air Sampling in a Hematology Hospital in Seoul, South Korea", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15(11), pp.2560~ (2018)
- Caillaud D, "Outdoor moulds and respiratory health", Rev Mal Respir, 35(2), pp.188~196 (2018)