EU(유럽연합)의 환경보전과 환경책임법제의 동향

Abstract

Environmental policies of a prevention activities on the environment, a prevention of environmental damages, an action first for sources of environmental damage and polluter pays principle has been carried out in European Union. Under these principles, the features of environmental policy can be said integrated environmental management, information disclosure, civic participation, and product management. An integrated approach for environment object was materialized with respect to the permission according as Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control(IPPC). Environmental Information Disclosure has been established by IPPC, REACH, Environmental Public Directive, Aarhus Treaty. European Commission has been implemented the policy which regulates from manufacturing steps to measure the environmental impact of products by releasing Integrated Product Policy(IPP) in 2003. The Bathing Water Directive(76/160/EEC, as revised by 2006/7/EC) sets water quality standards for bathing waters. In accordance with this directive, the compliance ratios of minimum water requirements were reported to have risen in swimming section 20000 of the European. The trend of EU on environmental responsibility was adopted Environmental Liability Directive(2004/35/EC) to prevent violations of environmental standards and comply with the polluter pays principle. This directive is prescribed protection and restoration of environmental damages, responsibility for causing environmental pollution. It shows the tendency to institutionalize strict liability in civil remedies for damage caused by environmental pollution. Restitution measures and prevention measures are required in the event of environmental damages. When these measures are not possible, there is a need for responsibility implementation system such as Pollution Compensation Liability Law, Fund Act for the cost of purification and Pollution Liability Insurance. Polluters must be removed at his own expense for environmental damages in Germany. We must respond flexibly in order to advance environmental conservation policy and environmental responsibility.