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Who Rules Russia? The Power Elite of the Russian Federation

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The second conviction of Mikhail Khodorkovsky has appeared to reconfirm the view that the FSB (formerly the KGB) now control Russia-- with Putin as their chief. This paper argues that Putin indeed is Russia’s leading figure and will likely remain in charge for many years. But his authority is not based on a monolithic KGB-type security structure, but rather is the product of a broad consensus among various, dispersed power elites. In fact, it is because these elites are drawn from diverse groups-- the regional elite, the oligarchs, the siloviki, the knowledge and cultural industries-each of whom hold conflicting visions of Russia’s future, that Putin fulfills an essential role in coordinatingtheir interests and maintaining order. Among other factors, bureaucratization led to the decline of the oligarchs. Owing to Russia's communist heritage, bureaucratization has not led to a meritocracy, but rather to clientelism and familialism. As in other communist and former communist countries, the Russian elite is increasingly becoming a hereditary caste.

Abstract

The second conviction of Mikhail Khodorkovsky has appeared to reconfirm the view that the FSB (formerly the KGB) now control Russia-- with Putin as their chief. This paper argues that Putin indeed is Russia’s leading figure and will likely remain in charge for many years. But his authority is not based on a monolithic KGB-type security structure, but rather is the product of a broad consensus among various, dispersed power elites. In fact, it is because these elites are drawn from diverse groups-- the regional elite, the oligarchs, the siloviki, the knowledge and cultural industries-each of whom hold conflicting visions of Russia’s future, that Putin fulfills an essential role in coordinatingtheir interests and maintaining order. Among other factors, bureaucratization led to the decline of the oligarchs. Owing to Russia's communist heritage, bureaucratization has not led to a meritocracy, but rather to clientelism and familialism. As in other communist and former communist countries, the Russian elite is increasingly becoming a hereditary caste.

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