러-동북아 국가 간 천연가스 협력과 한국에의 시사점
Natural Gas Cooperation between Russia and Northeast Asian Countries and Implications for South Korea
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한국의 저탄소 사회로의 이행에 천연가스가 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 전망되는 가운데, 천연가스수입을 전적으로 수입에 의존하고 있는 한국의 입장에서 북극, 동시베리아 및 극동지역에 풍부한천연가스를 보유하고 있는 최근접 천연가스 수출국인 러시아와의 협력을 강화하는 것은 중요한 의미를 갖는다. LNG 밸류체인 상류부문에 투자하여 천연가스를 우선적으로 확보하여 에너지 안보를 제고할 수 있으며, 관련 산업으로도 협력 영역을 확장할 수 있고, 저탄소 사회로의 이행을 촉진할 수있기 때문이다. 하지만 현재 한-러 천연가스 협력은 중-러, 일-러 간 천연가스 협력에 비해 폭넓게이루어지지 않고 있다. 일본은 러시아 사할린 및 북극 LNG 프로젝트에 참여하고 있고, 중국도 북극LNG 프로젝트에 참여하고 있는 한편, 중-러 간 천연가스 파이프라인 ‘시베리아의 힘(Power of Siberia)’도 성공적으로 운영되고 있다. 반면 현재 한-러 천연가스 협력은 한국이 러시아에 LNG 선박을 공급하는 제한적인 형태로 전개되고 있다. 한국은 러시아와 LNG 교역뿐만 아니라 LNG 밸류체인 전반에서 폭넓은 협력을 전개할 필요성이 있다. 한-러 천연가스 협력 증진 방안으로는 러시아의 신규 LNG 프로젝트에 한국이 지분을 인수하여 참여하거나, 한국이 강점을 가지고 있는 LNG 선박 건조 분야에서 협력을 확대시키는 것, 천연가스 파이프라인 관련 논의를 지속함으로써 다양한협력 방안을 모색하고, 또한 수소에너지 기술 개발 및 인프라 구축 분야에서 협력하는 것 등이 제안될 수 있다.
Abstract
Natural gas is expected to play an important role in the transition to a low carbon society in South Korea. South Korea relies heavily on natural gas imports, so it is important for the country to strengthen the natural gas cooperation with Russia, the nearest gas exporting country with the large gas reserves in the Arctic zone, East Siberia and the Far East. However, in comparison to Japan and China, the natural gas cooperation between South Korea and Russia has not been enhanced enough. The scope of the cooperation between South Korea and Russia has been limited to the construction of LNG tankers at Korean ship yard for the Russia LNG projects. For the purpose of strengthening Korea-Russia gas cooperation the ways suggested by the author are as follows: Korean companies’ participation in Russian LNG projects as shareholders, extension of the cooperation between two countries in the LNG carrier construction, extension of the cooperation area by continuing a discussion on the natural gas pipeline construction, and the cooperation in hydrogen technology development and hydrogen infrastructure construction.
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