중국의 ‘한류’ 수용과 저항: 중국 문화정체성의 국제문화관계학적 함의

Abstract

As technology is sweeping away cultural boundaries, the spread of Western values, norms, and beliefs tends to change the perceptions and dreams of ordinary citizens and to promote Western lifestyle in the non-Western world. Broadly speaking, two perspectives can be discerned in reaction to globalization: the one that local cultures are inevitably to fall victim to this global consumer and the other that globalization is to create a wold of multiple and shifting identities. China is caught into a dilemma - how to strike a balance between maintaining her cultural identity on the one hand and absorbing changes associated with a globalizing world. Acculturation takes place often depends on the relationships between the culture that is receiving the new traits and the culture of their origin. When alien culture traits diffuse into a society on a massive scale, the culture of the receiving society can be changed. However, acculturation does not necessarily result in new, alien culture completely replacing old indigenous ones. The new traits may be blended with or worked into the indigenous cultural patterns to make them more acceptable. The change tend to depend on the strategies of the receiving society where individuals make determination about maintaining cultural characteristics and the amount of contact needed with dominant group members to obtain a suitable means of adaptation. The spread of the ‘Korean Wave’ in China is allowed is related to the has the hybrid nature of South Korean culture. South Korea traditionally received culture, especially from China, but also and the United States. Since China is reluctant to receive American and Japanese cultures directly, the ‘Korean Wave appeared more palatable to Chinese. In fact, South Korea is acting as a ‘filter’ for Western values. South Korean soap operas tend to show Confucian-rooted values in their emphasis on both a reminder of what was lost during the Cultural Revolution and an example of an Asian country that has modernized and retained its traditions. Politics also seem to underlie the Chinese preferences for South Korean-filtered American culture. Until recently, Chinese government bureaucrats perceived that the ‘Korean Wave with Confucian values could bring political advantages for them to maintain social order under the leadership of Chinese Communist Party. They also expected that the ‘Korean Wave might be fade away sooner or later. As the ‘Korean Wave’ of cultural exports is rolling across China, however, ‘the anti-Korean Wave’ is spreading throughout Chinese cyberspace, mainstream state-run press, and academics. As the trend takes greater, the anti-Korean wave must strictly be among government bureaucrats. Chinese government does not seem to see the Korean Wave just as a way of spreading its culture. So, it is time for South Korea to contemplate what is the proper strategy to react to the ‘antiKorean Wave’ movement rooted in Chinese nationalism.