현대중국의 중국철학 연구(1949년 이후)

Abstract

The study history of the history of Chinese philosophy in main land China from 1949 on can be divided into 6 periods as follows. Due to the liberation the task of the Chinese philosophy circle in the first period which began in 1949 and ended in 1957 was to remove the study paradigm founded by philosopher Feng You-lan etc. and to accept Marxism as well as Maoism. Accepting a former Soviet Union high officer Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov’s point that a history of philosophy is one that materialism comes to maturity in the process of taking idealism as its target to struggle with, Chinese scholars in this field erected a view of purposive history. In the second period from 1957 to 1959, Scholars began to reflect on the purposive view of history, admitting idealism has its positive aspects to human thinking, but this reflection was interrupted by political movement "Anti-Rightists" in which many intellectuals were labeled as "the Rightist" and lost their rights of study. The third period from 1959 to 1966 is a somewhat peaceful interval in which there were relatively fewer political activities that interfere academic research and many general history of Chinese philosophy were published such as Feng You-lan’s A New Edition of History of Chinese Philosophy and Hou Wai-lu’s A General History of Chinese Thoughts.The fourth period was the ten years "the great cultural revolution" dated from 1966 to 1976, in which all academic research were stopped except the "to value the legalist school and to criticize the Confucian school"movement that can not be deemed as academic research at all. The fifth period from 1976 to 1989 was a new start to the circle of history of Chinese philosophy in which scholars replaced Zhdanov’s view with Lenin’s view that "a history of philosophy is generally speaking a history of human recognition"and began to study Chinese philosophy from angles of conceptsor categories evolves. Many general history books of Chinese philosophy were also published in this time with a newhistory view that deems Chinese philosophy as a history of thinking instead of merely a history of materialism overcomes idealism. The sixth and also the final period date from 1989 to the present time with characteristics of plural methodology and a revival of the life of Chinese philosophy. Such western philosophical theories as Hegelianism and Existentialism were adopted by academia of Chinese philosophy as methodology. As time went on, many scholars gradually became conscious that traditional Chinese philosophies still have vitality to be revived they advocated "New Daoism", "New Benevolence theory", "the Fourth Development of Confucianism". "Modern Confucianism study program"conducted from last 80s on changed the mere critical attitude to traditional Chinesephilosophy existing in academia from 1949 on and enriched the scholar’s view about Chinese philosophy. Taking the entire study history of Chinese philosophy in main land China as a whole it can be recognized that the study is deeply influenced by society transition and the developing trend of the study is that the reason of Chinese people is becoming maturity and the subjectivity of Chinese culture is being erected.