인터넷을 통한 NGO의 정치참여: 유형과 현황
NGOs' Political Participation on the Internet: An Overview
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Abstract
This paper classifies NGOs' web-based political participation and, based on a survey of Korean NGO activists, examines the modes and democratic implications of NGOs' web-based political participation. NGOs' utilizing the strategy of web-based political participation can be classified into five types: offline NGOs using the Internet as an instrument, NGOs focusing on the issues of the Internet, citizens' movements on the net, voluntary communities on the net, and NGOs working on the building of networks among web-based NGOs. The survey research on NGO activists revealed some notable aspects of NGOs' web-based political participation. First, the NGOs emphasize not only the technical application of the Internet as a political leverage but also the two-way communication via the Internet and the formation of online public spheres. With regard to the collective action dilemma, the NGOs regard the Internet as an useful social incentive to draw the members' participation and support. As for the political efficacy and democratic implication of NGOs' web-based political participation, even the NGO activists share the double-edged evaluation of the Internet. That is, while agreeing with the positive aspects and democratic potentials of the Internet for their activities, they acknowledge and take seriously the negative aspects of the Internet such as irresponsible, abusive, and populist use of the Internet. In the similar context, they consider it more important and urgent to build the participatory and deliberative culture and address ethical issues on the part of citizens than improve the technical and institutional aspects of the Internet in realizing the democratic potentials of NGOs' web-based political participation.
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