탐지 단서와 탐지자 기분에 따른 거짓말 탐지
Effects of Deception Cues and Detector's Mood on Lie Detection
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본 연구에서는 탐지 단서와 탐지자의 기분에 따라 거짓말 탐지율이 어떻게 달라지는지 실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 대학생 67명이 2(탐지 단서: 시청각 단서/청각 단서) × 2(탐지자 기분: 들뜸/평온) 피험자 간 설계에 무선적으로 할당되었다. 시청각 탐지 단서 조건에서는 진실이나 거짓을 얘기하는 사람들 12명의 모습과 진술이 담긴 12개의 영상(각 1분 분량)과 함께 소리를 참가자들에게 제공한 후, 이 영상이 진실인지 거짓인지의 여부를 판정하게 하였고, 청각 탐지 단서 조건에서는 동일한 영상들에 대해 소리만 제공하여 거짓인지의 여부를 판정하게 하였다. 탐지자 기분 변인은 들뜸 조건의 경우 신나는 노래를 들으면서 인생에서 가장 신났었다고 느꼈던 순간에 대한 에세이를 10분 동안 작성하는 것으로, 평온 조건의 경우 평온한 노래를 들으면서 인생에서 가장 평온했었다고 느꼈던 순간에 대한 에세이를 10분 동안 작성하는 것으로 조작하였다. 실험 결과, 두 독립변인의 주효과가 모두 유의하였는데, 전반적으로 시청각 단서 조건보다 청각 단서 조건에서 참가자들이 거짓말을 더 잘 탐지했고, 들뜬 참가자들보다 평온한 참가자들이 거짓말을 더 잘 탐지했다. 또한, 시청각 단서 조건과 청각 단서 조건 모두에서 들뜬 참가자들보다 평온한 참가자들이 유의하게 거짓말을 더 잘 탐지하였다. 아울러, 탐지 단서와 탐지자 기분 간의 이원 상호작용도 유의하여, 평온한 참가자들이 시청각 단서를 사용했을 때보다 청각 단서를 사용했을 때 거짓말을 더 잘 탐지한 반면, 들뜬 참가자들은 탐지 단서에 따라 거짓말 탐지율에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 의의와 현장에의 적용가능성 그리고 연구의 제한점이 논의되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine how the lie detection rate varies depending on the deception cues and detector’s mood. 67 college students were randomly assigned to 4 conditions of 2 (deception cues: audiovisual cue/auditory cue) × 2 (detector’s mood: excited/calm) between subject design. The deception cues were manipulated by giving participants an audiovisual material or auditory material. In the excited mood condition, participants were asked to write an essay about the most excited moment in their life while listening to the exciting music. In the calm mood condition, participants were asked to write an essay about the calmest moment in their life while listening to the calm music. The result revealed that auditory cues were superior to audiovisual cues in detecting lies. Also, Participants in the calm mood condition achieved higher accuracy rate in detecting deceptive messages than those in the excited mood condition regardless of their deception cues. Finally, participants in the calm mood condition showed higher detection rates when they used auditory cues than audiovisual cues, but participants in the excited mood condition showed no difference in detection rates between audiovisual and auditory cues. Implications and limitations of the study were presented in the discussion.
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