국제사법재판소의 일본 남극 조사포경 불법판결에 따른 한국의 고래자원 관리 정책 방향 제안
The judgment of International Court of Justice in the case of ‘Whaling in the Antarctic,’ and the suggestion on the cetacean management policy of the Korean government
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2014년 3월 31일 국제사법재판소는 일본의 남극 조사포경이 ‘과학 조사를 목적으로 한’ 경우에 포경을 허용하는 국제포경규제협약을 위반했으므로 즉시 중단하라고 판결했다. 일본 외무상은 판결 직후 이를 수용하겠다고 발표했지만, 새로운 조사포경 실시를 예고했다. 위 판결로 인해서 형성된 조사포경을 비롯한 포경에 대한 반대 분위기 속에서 개최된 제65차 IWC 총회에서 대한민국 정부는 포경 재개를 희망한다고 발표 했다. 본 논문은 이상에서 언급한 판결의 세부 내용, 여기에 대한 일본 및 반포경 국가들의 반응과 일본의 향후 대응 계획을 알아보고, 이를 통해 대한민국의 고래 자원 관리 정책 방향을 제안하고자 한다.
Abstract
On March 31, 2014, the International Court of Justice(ICJ) judged that the current Japanese Antarctic scientific whaling program did not fall within the provisions of Article VIII, paragraph 1, of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. As a result ICJ asked Japan to revoke any extant authorization, permit or licence granted for scientific whaling. Japan accepted the decision immediately, but announced that a new scientific whaling plan would be submitted to the International Whaling Commission(IWC). Because the ICJ judgement is confined to the current Antarctic whaling, Japan’s North Pacific scientific whaling program is still in operation. The ICJ ruling acts as a guide for Japan’s future scientific whaling program rather than signalizing the collapse of the program. The Japanese whaling program is not driven by economic motives, but rather by cultural motives. To uphold their traditions, the Japanese government intends to continue its whaling program in spite of the international opposition. Korea has attempted to conduct scientific whaling twice, in 1986 and in 2012, but abandoned the plans due to strong opposition by the IWC members. Korea wants to resume whaling within the IWC’s legal frame work, rather than in the controversial Japanese scientific whaling approach. Considering the whaling quota allocation program in IWC, scaling up the current sighting survey to reduce uncertainty in the abundance estimates, and strictly managing incidental whale catches in Korean waters would better ensure the Korean government could obtain the IWC quota. Fostering the whale watching industry, reducing the conflicts between fishermen and dolphins, and further developing international research cooperation are also recommended to accomplish sustainable management of the cetacean resources in Korean waters.
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