우리나라 비알코올지방간 환자에서 혈중 철분 과잉의 빈도와 HFE 유전자(H63D) 변이의 존재
The Prevalence of Peripheral Iron Overload and the Presence of HFE gene (H63D) Mutation among the Korean Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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배경 및 목적: 비알코올지방간질환(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)의 진행, 즉 단순 지방간으로부터 지방간염이나 간경변증으로 진행하는데 산화 스트레스가 주된 기전으로 알려져 있다. 철분 과잉 상태는 산화 스트레스를 초래할 뿐 아니라 인슐린 저항성을 초래할 수 있다. 그러나 NAFLD 환자들에서 철분 과잉의 빈도, 철분 과잉과 관련 있는 HFE 유전자 변이의 빈도에 대한 연구 결과는 논란이 많은 실정이다. 한국인에서 철분 과잉과 HFE 유전자 변이, 간질환 간의 관련성을 알아본 연구는 매우 제한적이었다. 저자들은 NAFLD 환자에서 혈중 철분 과잉의 빈도, 철분 과잉이 있는 환자에서 HFE 유전자(C282Y, H63D, S65C) 변이가 존재하는지, 그리고 철분 과잉이 있는 환자들의 임상 특징을 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 5월부터 2006년 2월까지 분당서울대학교병원에서 진단된 NAFLD 환자 255명을 대상으로 하였다. NAFLD의 진단은 간기능검사에서 이상 소견과 초음파에서 지방간에 합당한 소견을 보이면서, HBsAg 음성, anti-HCV 음성, anti-mitochondrial antibody 음성, 항핵 항체 음성, a1-antitrypsin 정상, ceruloplasmin 정상(45세 미만)이고, 지방간을 초래할 수 있는 약물 복용력이 없으며, 하루 20 g 이상의 음주력이 없는 경우로 진단하였다. NAFLD에 의한 간경변증 환자와 간세포암종 환자는 제외하였다. 대상 환자들에서 혈청 iron, TIBC, ferritin 검사를 시행하였고, 혈중 TS가 45% 이상인 경우, 환자가 유전자 검사에 동의할 경우 HFE 유전자 변이 유무를 검사하였다. HFE 유전자 변이는 C282Y, H63D, S53C에 특이 시발체를 이용하여 PCR을 시행하고 그 산물로 제한효소반응을 이용하여 알아보았고, 유전자 변이가 있는 경우 염기서열분석을 시행하여 확인하였다. 결과: 대상 NAFLD 환자 255명 중에서 혈중 TS가 45% 이상인 환자는 49명(19.2%), TS 55% 이상인 환자는 18명(7.1%), 혈청 ferritin치가 400 ng/mL 이상인 환자가 10명(3.9%), 500 ng/mL 이상인 환자 6명(2.4%), 1000 ng/mL 이상인 환자 2명(0.8%)이었다. 혈청 ferritin치가 400 ng/mL 이상인 환자들은 그 이하인 군에 비해 유의하게 혈당치와 AST 수치가 높았다. TS 45% 이상인 환자 중에서 유전자검사를 시행한 환자는 7명이었는데, 이들 중 5명이 H63D 이형접합체였고 1명이 H63D 동형접합체였다. 결론: 우리나라 NAFLD 환자에서 혈중 철분 과잉은 19% 정도에서 동반되고, 혈청 ferritin의 증가는 혈당치와 AST 수치와 관련이 있었다. 혈중 철분 과잉을 보인 환자들에서 관찰된 H63D 유전자 변이의 임상 의의는 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims: There are controversies on the role of iron overload in the mechanism of liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral iron overload, and to study the presence of HFE mutations (C282Y, H63D, S65C) in a cohort of Korean NAFLD patients. Methods: 255 patients with NAFLD were included. The patients had been diagnosed as having NAFLD by the criteria of elevated aminotransferase levels, compatible ultrasonographic findings and exclusion of other etiologies. Blood samples were tested for chemistry, iron profile, and mutational analysis for HFE gene (C282Y, H63D, S65C). Results: Of the 255 NAFLD patients, the prevalence of peripheral iron overload was 19.2% according to the cutoff level of transferrin saturation (TS) > 45%, and 3.9% of NAFLD patients were having hyperferritinemia over 400 ng/mL. Hyperferritinemia was significantly associated with elevated serum levels of fasting glucose, AST and TS. We found the presence of H63D mutation, either heterozygote or homozygote, among the NAFLD patients with peripheral iron overload. Conclusions: The prevalence of peripheral iron overload in the Korean NAFLD patients was not rare, and the presence of H63D mutation among NALFD patients was identified. Further studies on the significance of iron overload or HFE mutation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are needed. (Korean J Hepatol 2007;13:174-184)
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