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알코올간질환 환자에서 간경변 진단을 위한 transient elastography의 유용성

The usefulness of transient elastography to diagnose cirrhosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease

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배경/목적: 알코올간경변은 일반적으로 여러 가지 임상적 특징을 종합하여 진단하게 되지만 진단적 정확도가 낮고, 특히 간내 지방 변성으로 인하여 방사선 영상 진단이 용이하지 않다. Transient elastography(Fibroscan®, Echosens, France)는 간조직의 탄성률을 측정하여 간섬유화의 정도를 비침습적으로 추정하는 장비이다. 최근 여러 문헌에서 transient elastography를 이용한 간탄성률 측정이 바이러스간경변의 섬유화의 정도를 감별하는데 매우 유용하다고 보고하고 있지만 알코올간경변증의 진단에 있어 임상적 유용성에 대해서는 보고가 적다. 저자들은 간조직검사를 시행한 알코올간질환 환자에서 간경변증의 진단방법으로 transient elastography를 이용한 간탄성률 측정의 유용성을 알아보고 간초음파, APRI index의 진단능과 비교하였다. 대상/방법: 하루 80 g 이상의 음주력이 있는 알코올간질환 환자 45명을 대상으로 간초음파 소견, 간탄성률 측정치, APRI index 및 기타 임상적 변수와 조직검사상 간섬유화 단계와의 상관성을 분석하고, ROC곡선의 AUC를 구하여 간경변증에 대한 각 변수의 예측 능력을 평가하였다. 간섬유화의 진행은 대한병리학회 소화기병리연구회의 체계에 따라 0~4단계로 분류했다. 결과: 섬유화 단계에 따른 간탄성률 수치의 중간값을 보면 F1(5명)에서 5.6(범위: 4.8~6.1) kPa, F2(4명)에서 11.5 (7.2~19.0) kPa, F3(7명)에서 18.5(9.0~27.7) kPa, F4(29명)에서 35.0(22.8~66.5) kPa이었다. 간섬유화와 유의한 연관성을 보이는 변수는 혈청 내 알부민, 총 빌리루빈, AST 수치와 프로트롬빈시간, 혈소판 수치였다. 간섬유화의 각 단계별로 간탄성률 측정값의 평균을 비교하였을 때 F1과 F2, 3 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었고, F4와 다른 간섬유화 등급 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.001). 간초음파검사의 간경변 진단의 민감도는 66%, 특이도는 94%였다. 간탄성률 측정을 이용한 간경변(F4) 및 진행성 간섬유화(≥F3)의 예측의 AUC값은 각각 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93~1.01), 0.98(95% CI: 0.94~1.02)로 매우 높은 결과를 보였다. 또한 간경변 예측을 위한 적절한 간탄성률 기준값은 25.8 kPa이었으며, 이 때 민감도와 특이도는 90%와 87%였다. 결론: Transient elastography를 이용한 간탄성률 측정은 알코올간질환 환자에서 간섬유화의 정도를 파악하고 간경변을 진단하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

Abstract

Backgrounds/Aims: It is not easy to differentiate between patients with cirrhosis and those with alcoholic liver disease. Liver biopsy is generally considered the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis; however, this protocol frequently carries a risk of severe complications and false-negative results. Transient elastography (Fibroscan, Echosens, Paris, France), which is a noninvasive method of measuring liver stiffness, has become available for assessing liver fibrosis. Liver stiffness reportedly differs markedly with the cirrhosis etiology. The aim of this study was thus to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Fibroscan in the detection of cirrhosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Methods: We enrolled 45 patients with alcoholic liver disease. Fibroscan, abdominal ultrasonography, aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI), and liver biopsy were performed on all patients. Fibrosis stage was assessed using the Batts-Ludwig scoring system. Results: The stage of fibrosis (F1-F4) was distributed among the cohort as follows: 5 patients at F1, 4 patients at F2, 7 patients at F3, and 29 patients at F4. Liver stiffness differed significantly between each fibrosis stage (P<0.001). For the diagnosis of cirrhosis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97 for transient elastography (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.93-1.01), 0.81 for ultrasonography (95% CI, 0.68-0.94), and 0.83 for APRI score (95% CI, 0.70-0.95). The optimal cut-off value of liver stiffness for detecting cirrhosis was 25.8 kPa, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 87%. Conclusions: Transient elastography is a useful method for diagnosing cirrhosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

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