Prevalence trends of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among young men in Korea: A Korean military population- based cross-sectional study
1
조회
0
다운로드
9
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background/Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major concern in Korea since its emergence as a dominant cause of chronic liver disease. However, no study has explored its prevalence in adults under 30 years of age. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in Korean men in their early 20s. Methods: We collected data of 596,359 Korean soldiers who participated in a health examination between January 2015 and July 2021. A total of 571,872 individuals were analyzed after excluding those with missing data and hepatitis B antigen positivity. Hepatic steatosis was determined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Participants with HSI >36 were considered to have NAFLD. Results: All participants were men, and the mean age was 20.9±1.3 years. Of the 571,872 participants screened, 77,020 (13.47%) were classified as having NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD consistently increased from 2015 to 2021 (10.66% vs. 16.44%, P<0.001). Increases from 2015 to 2021 were also noted in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension (P<0.001 for all). The mean body mass index also increased from 23.3±3.0 kg/m2 to 23.9±3.1 kg/m2 between 2015 and 2021 (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD and of other metabolic dysfunctions in Korean men in their early 20s increased from 2015 to 2021.
Abstract
Background/Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major concern in Korea since its emergence as a dominant cause of chronic liver disease. However, no study has explored its prevalence in adults under 30 years of age. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in Korean men in their early 20s. Methods: We collected data of 596,359 Korean soldiers who participated in a health examination between January 2015 and July 2021. A total of 571,872 individuals were analyzed after excluding those with missing data and hepatitis B antigen positivity. Hepatic steatosis was determined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Participants with HSI >36 were considered to have NAFLD. Results: All participants were men, and the mean age was 20.9±1.3 years. Of the 571,872 participants screened, 77,020 (13.47%) were classified as having NAFLD. The prevalence of NAFLD consistently increased from 2015 to 2021 (10.66% vs. 16.44%, P<0.001). Increases from 2015 to 2021 were also noted in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension (P<0.001 for all). The mean body mass index also increased from 23.3±3.0 kg/m2 to 23.9±3.1 kg/m2 between 2015 and 2021 (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD and of other metabolic dysfunctions in Korean men in their early 20s increased from 2015 to 2021.
참고문헌 (40)
- Younossi ZM, "Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes", Hepatology, 64, pp.73~84 (2016)
- Im HJ, "Systematic review on the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in South Korea", Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol, 45, pp.101526~ (2021)
- Park J, "NASH", liver fibrosis prevalence and incidence of nonliver comorbidities among people with NAFLD and incidence of NAFLD by metabolic comorbidities : lessons from South Korea, 2021, pp.39, 634~645
- 강성희, "KASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, 27(3), pp.363~401 (2021), 대한간학회
- Kang SY, "Trends in the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its future predictions in Korean men, 1998-2035", J Clin Med, 9, pp.2626~ (2020)
- Bhatt HB, "Fatty liver disease in diabetes mellitus", Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr, 4, pp.101~108 (2015)
- Eslam M, "MAFLD : a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease", Gastroenterology, 158, pp.1999~2014 (2020)
- Eslam M, "A new definition for metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease : an international expert consensus statement", J Hepatol, 73, pp.202~209 (2020)
- Singh S, "Fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver vs nonalcoholic steatohepatitis : a systematic review and meta-analysis of paired-biopsy studies", Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, pp.643~654 (2015)
- Lee JM, "The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and esophageal, stomach, or colorectal cancer : national population-based cohort study", PLoS One, 15, pp.e0226351~ (2020)
- Simon TG, "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and young adults is associated with increased long-term mortality", J Hepatol, 75, pp.1034~1041 (2021)
- Kim JW, "Prevalence and risk factors of elevated alanine aminotransferase among Korean adolescents : 2001-2014", BMC Public Health, 18, pp.617~ (2018)
- 강윤구, "Estimated Prevalence of Adolescents with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korea", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 33(14), pp.29~38 (2018), 대한의학회
- 정은행, "Regional prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea", Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, 19(3), pp.266~272 (2013), 대한간학회[DOI]
- Seung Ha Park, "Trends in the prevalence of chronic liver disease in the Korean adult population, 1998–2017", Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, 26(2), pp.209~215 (2020), 대한간학회[DOI]
- Lee JH, "Hepatic steatosis index : a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", Dig Liver Dis, 42, pp.503~508 (2010)
- Jung TY, "Comparative assessment and external validation of hepatic steatosis formulae in a community-based setting", J Clin Med, 9, pp.2851~ (2020)
- Chang Jin Won, "Hepatic Steatosis Index in the Detection of Fatty Liver in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Antiviral Therapy", Gut and Liver, 15(1), pp.117~127 (2021), 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회[DOI]
- 이은정, "2018 Guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia", The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 34(4), pp.723~771 (2019), 대한내과학회[DOI]
- Ishag Adam, "Red cell distribution width and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Clinical Hypertension, 25(4), pp.16~23 (2019), 대한고혈압학회[DOI]
- Wai CT, "A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C", Hepatology, 38, pp.518~526 (2003)
- Sterling RK, "Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV", HCV coinfection, 2006, pp.43, 1317~1325
- Sohn W, "Upper limit of normal serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels in Korea", J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 28, pp.522~529 (2013)
- Lin ZH, "Performance of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the staging of hepatitis C-related fibrosis : an updated meta-analysis", Hepatology, 53, pp.726~736 (2011)
- Lim S, "Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korea : the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1998-2007", Diabetes Care, 34, pp.1323~1328 (2011)
- Lee SE, "Trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in South Korea : findings from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database(2009-2013)", PLoS One, 13, pp.e0194490~ (2018)
- 김민현, "한국 성인에서 10년간 대사증후군 유병률과 위험요인의 변화: 국민건강영양조사(2008–2017) 자료를 이용하여", Korean Journal of Family Practice, 10(1), pp.44~52 (2020), 대한가정의학회[DOI]
- Arshad T, "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence trends among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2007-2016", Hepatol Commun, 5, pp.1676~1688 (2021)
- Oikonomou D, "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertension : coprevalent or correlated?", Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 30, pp.979~985 (2018)
- Kotronen A, "Liver fat in the metabolic syndrome", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, pp.3490~3497 (2007)
- Doycheva I, "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents and young adults : the next frontier in the epidemic", Hepatology, 65, pp.2100~2109 (2017)
- Rosato V, "NAFLD and extra-hepatic comorbidities : current evidence on a multi-organ metabolic syndrome", Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16, pp.3415~ (2019)
- An JN, "Portal inflammation predicts renal dysfunction in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", Hepatol Int, 14, pp.798~807 (2020)
- Kim HL, "Association of arterial stiffness with the histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", Hepatol Int, 14, pp.1048~1056 (2020)
- Ji Hye Park, "Histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease", Hepatology International, 15(5), pp.1148~1159 (2021), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- Ministry of Health and Welfare, "Korea Health Statistics 2019: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VIII-1)", Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ~ (2020)
- 양주연, "군부대 건강영양환경 조사", 군진간호연구, 34(2), pp.31~40 (2016), 군건강정책연구소[DOI]
- McPherson S, "Age as a confounding factor for the accurate noninvasive diagnosis of advanced NAFLD fibrosis", Am J Gastroenterol, 112, pp.740~751 (2017)
- Li Q, "Impact of age on the diagnostic performances and cut-offs of APRI and FIB-4 for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B", Oncotarget, 8, pp.45768~45776 (2017)
- Younossi ZM, "The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe", Hepatology, 64, pp.1577~1586 (2016)