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혈액투석 환자의 증상 클러스터와 삶의 질

Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in Patients on Hemodialysis

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주제분류간호학

초록

이 연구의 목적은 혈액투석 환자들이 경험하는 증상 클러스터를 조사하고 증상 클러스터와 삶의 질 간의 관계를 확인하기 위함이다. 방법 : 일차연구에서 2012년∼2013년 동안 지역 10곳의 투석의원에서 127명의 환자로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 증상은 병원불안우울척도와 함께 10개 항목의 신체적 증상 체크리스트로 측정하였다. 삶의 질은 삶의 만족도 척도로 측정하였다. 자료는 요인분석, 피어슨 상관계수, 단계적 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 가장 많이 보고된 증상은 피로, 가려움증, 우울, 저림/마비, 그리고 불면이었다. 4개의 구별되는 증상 클러스터가 발견되었다: 클러스터 1은 구강건조, 두통, 오심(위장관 클러스터); 클러스터 2는 식욕저하, 불면(기본적 욕구); 클러스터 3은 가려움증, 저림/마비(감각-안위); 클러스터 4는 피로, 우울(기분-활력). 클러스터들 중, ‘기본적 욕구’ 클러스터와 ‘기분-활력’ 클러스터는 삶의 질과 유의하게 부정적인 관련이 있었다. 삶의 질은 ‘기분-활력’ 클러스터에 의해 17.4%가 설명되었다. 결과 : 연구의 결과는 혈액투석 환자의 증상관리에 있어 포괄적인 증상 사정이 보다 나을 것이라는 것을 보여주었다. 이 연구에서 나타난 증상 클러스터들을 확인하기 위한 추가 연구들이 요구된다.

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate symptom clusters experienced by patients on hemodialysis and to identify relations between symptom clusters and quality of life. Methods: Data were collected from 127 patients at 10 local hemodialysis clinics. Symptoms were measured using 10-item physical symptom checklist as well as the Hospital Anxiety depression Scale. Quality of life was measured with the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The most frequently reported symptoms included fatigue, itching, depression, numbness/tingling, and insomnia. Four distinct symptom clusters were identified: cluster 1 was comprised of dry mouth, headache, nausea (gastrointestinal); cluster 2 of decreased appetite, insomnia (basic need); cluster 3 of itching, numbness/tingling (sensory-comfort); and cluster 4 of fatigue, depression (mood-vitality). Among the clusters, the 'basic need' cluster and 'mood-vitality' cluster had a significant negative association with quality of life. The 'mood-vitality' cluster, explained 17.4% of the variance in quality of life. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that comprehensive symptom assessment provides better symptom management for patients on hemodialysis. Further studies are needed to verify symptom clusters identified in this study.

참고문헌 (30)

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